TNUSRB Constable cheat sheet

Tamil Nadu has 38 districts; Chennai is the capital and the state was reorganised on linguistic lines in 1956 with Madras State renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969.

Fundamental Rights sit in Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Indian Constitution; the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) was called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college under Article 54; the Vice-President is elected by both Houses of Parliament under Article 66.

Tamil Nadu's major irrigation systems: Mettur Dam on the Cauvery, Vaigai Dam in Madurai district, and the Grand Anicut (Kallanai) built by Karikala Chola.

Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu after 1967: C. N. Annadurai, M. Karunanidhi, M. G. Ramachandran, V. N. Janaki, Jayalalithaa, O. Panneerselvam, Edappadi K. Palaniswami, M. K. Stalin.

Lok Sabha seats from Tamil Nadu: 39; Rajya Sabha seats: 18. The state Legislative Assembly has 234 elected seats.

Classical dance and music forms associated with Tamil Nadu: Bharatanatyam, and Carnatic music with the Trinity of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri.

Newton's three laws: inertia (no net force means no change in motion), F = ma, and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Speed of light in vacuum is about 3 x 10^8 m/s; sound travels about 343 m/s in air at 20 degrees Celsius and faster in solids.

Human blood groups follow the ABO and Rh systems; O negative is the universal donor for red cells and AB positive the universal recipient.

Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light gives C6H12O6 + 6O2, occurring in chloroplasts with chlorophyll.

pH scale runs 0-14; below 7 acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.

The three states of matter change with temperature and pressure; sublimation is solid to gas directly, as in camphor and dry ice.

Vitamin deficiencies: A causes night blindness, B1 beriberi, C scurvy, D rickets, K poor clotting.

Electric current I = V/R (Ohm's law); power P = VI = I squared R; unit of resistance is the ohm.

Average = sum of items / number of items; if a value is added, new average = (old sum + value) / (n + 1).

Simple interest = P x R x T / 100; compound amount = P(1 + R/100)^T.

Profit percent = (SP - CP)/CP x 100; loss percent = (CP - SP)/CP x 100. Always compute on cost price unless stated otherwise.

Speed = distance / time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18, and m/s to km/h multiply by 18/5.

Work: if A finishes a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Train crossing a pole covers its own length; crossing a platform covers train length plus platform length.

LCM x HCF of two numbers = product of the two numbers.

Percentage change = (new - old)/old x 100; successive discounts of a% and b% equal a + b - ab/100.

Number series: check differences first, then ratios, then squares/cubes, then alternating or prime patterns.

Alphabet positions: A=1 to Z=26; reverse position = 27 minus forward position, so A pairs with Z and M with N.

Coding-decoding: identify whether letters shift by a fixed step, reverse order, or map to opposite letters.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with gender symbols; 'mother's brother' is maternal uncle, 'father's sister' is aunt.

Direction sense: on turning right from north you face east; a full clockwise rotation of 360 degrees returns to the original direction.

Odd one out: test for common property such as all perfect squares, all primes, or all state capitals.

Syllogism: 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Calendar: a normal year shifts the weekday by 1 and a leap year by 2; 100 years shift by 5 odd days.

Tamil alphabets: 12 uyir (vowels), 18 mei (consonants) and one ayutha ezhuthu, giving 31 letters; with uyirmei combinations the total is 247.

Vallinam, mellinam and idaiyinam are the three classes of mei letters: hard, soft and medial.

Thirukkural has 1330 kurals in 133 chapters of 10 couplets each, arranged in three books: Arathuppal, Porutpal and Kamathuppal.

Tholkappiyam is the oldest extant Tamil grammar, attributed to Tholkappiyar, and treats ezhuthu, sol and porul.

The five thinais of Sangam landscape poetry: kurinji, mullai, marutham, neythal and palai.

Thiruvalluvar wrote the Thirukkural; the Tamil Sangam anthologies include Purananuru with 400 poems.

Uyirmei letters are formed by combining a uyir with a mei, for example ka, kaa, ki, kee.

Vetrumai and vinai are the two broad parts of speech in Tamil grammar: noun-type and verb-type words.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university), 'the' for specific or unique nouns.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each', 'every', 'either' and 'neither' take a singular verb.

Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle for past action with present relevance; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months and years, 'on' for days and dates, 'at' for clock times.

Synonyms and antonyms are tested in context; 'abundant' means plentiful, its antonym is scarce.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns to match the reporter, shift tense back one step, and change 'today' to 'that day'.

Idioms: 'a bolt from the blue' means an unexpected shock; 'to let the cat out of the bag' means to reveal a secret.