TNTET Paper 1 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Piaget sensorimotor stage

From birth to about age two, infants learn through senses and actions and develop object permanence-the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight.

Vygotsky's ZPD

The zone of proximal development is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can achieve with guidance from a more capable person.

Kohlberg conventional level

At the conventional level, moral reasoning focuses on meeting social expectations, gaining approval, and obeying laws and authority to maintain social order.

Intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation arises from internal satisfaction, curiosity, or interest in the activity itself rather than from external rewards, grades, or fear of punishment.

Learning disability marker

A specific learning disability shows a marked deficit in one area, such as reading or arithmetic, despite average or above-average intelligence; a slow learner has globally lower functioning.

Formative assessment

Formative assessment is ongoing evidence gathering during teaching, used to adjust instruction and give feedback; it is not primarily for grading or final certification.

Inclusive education

Inclusive education places diverse learners, including those with disabilities, in mainstream classrooms and adapts curriculum, materials, and assessment so all can participate meaningfully.

உயிர்மெய் எழுத்து

In Tamil orthography, a uyirmei letter combines a consonant with a vowel sign; there are 18 consonants × 12 vowels = 216 such letters.

Tamil vallinam consonants

Vallinam are the six hard Tamil consonants க், ச், ட், த், ப், and ற்; they contrast with six mellinam and six idaiyinam consonants.

Tamil case markers

Tamil has eight cases (vēṟṟumai): nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, locative, and vocative, each marked by suffixes or context.

Tolkappiyam sections

Tolkappiyam, the earliest extant Tamil grammar, has three sections: Ezhttatikaram on letters, Sollatikaram on words, and Porulatikaram on meaning and poetics.

Four language skills

Language pedagogy targets listening, speaking, reading, and writing; listening and reading are receptive, while speaking and writing are productive skills developed through meaningful practice.

Tamil yappu elements

Tamil prosody describes a verse through eḻuttu (letters), acai (syllabic units), cīr (metrical feet), taḷai (linkage), aṭi (lines), and toṭai (rhyme or sound patterns).

Skimming vs scanning

Skimming reads quickly for the gist or main idea; scanning looks rapidly for a specific detail such as a date, name, or number without reading everything.

Communicative language teaching

CLT emphasizes interaction and meaningful communication in the target language; learners use English for authentic purposes while accuracy is developed alongside fluency, not isolated drill alone.

Phoneme

A phoneme is the smallest sound unit that distinguishes meaning in a language, such as /p/ versus /b/ in pat and bat.

Formative vs summative

Formative assessment is ongoing and used to guide learning; summative assessment occurs at the end of a unit or course to judge achievement against criteria.

Task-based learning

Task-based learning organizes lessons around meaningful tasks; learners complete a pre-task, perform the task with planning and reporting, then focus on language forms.

Reading comprehension strategies

Comprehension strategies include predicting, activating prior knowledge, questioning, visualizing, inferring, summarizing, and monitoring understanding; they help readers construct meaning from text.

Area of triangle

The area of a triangle is half the base times the perpendicular height: A = ½ × b × h; the height must be measured perpendicular to the chosen base.

LCM and HCF relation

For two positive integers a and b, LCM(a,b) × HCF(a,b) = a × b; this identity helps find one value when the other three are known.

Divisibility by 3

A whole number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3; for example, 4,812 has digit sum 15, so it is divisible by 3.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest is I = P × R × T ÷ 100, where P is principal, R is annual rate percent, and T is time in years; it is calculated only on the original principal.

CRA sequence

The concrete-representational-abstract sequence teaches mathematics by moving from physical objects to drawings or models, then to symbols and abstract procedures, supporting conceptual understanding.

Polya's problem solving

Polya's four steps are understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back to check and generalize the solution.

Van Hiele levels

Van Hiele theory describes geometric understanding as progressing through visualization, analysis, informal deduction, formal deduction, and rigor; instruction should match the learner's current level.

Food chain order

A food chain begins with producers, which make food by photosynthesis, followed by primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers that recycle nutrients.

Water cycle

The water cycle moves water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection; solar energy drives evaporation and gravity returns water to rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Photosynthesis requirements

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen; it occurs mainly in the leaves of green plants.

Renewable resources

Renewable resources, such as sunlight, wind, and flowing water, are naturally replenished within a human timescale; non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum are finite.

Tamil Nadu monsoon

Tamil Nadu receives most rain from the northeast monsoon in October–December, while the southwest monsoon is blocked by the Western Ghats, making the state's east coast wetter then.

EVS pedagogical approach

Environmental Studies teaching integrates science, social studies, and local context through observation, questioning, field visits, projects, and discussion rather than isolated textbook memorization.