TS DEECET flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Constitution Day of India

26 November, marking the day in 1949 when the Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution; it came into force on 26 January 1950.

Article 32

The Right to Constitutional Remedies, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights; Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.

Ramsar sites

Wetlands designated internationally important under the 1971 Ramsar Convention; Indian examples include Chilika Lake, Keoladeo Ghana and Loktak Lake.

Telangana formation day

2 June 2014, when Telangana became the 29th Indian state after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh; Hyderabad serves as its capital.

Quadratic discriminant

For ax² + bx + c = 0, D = b² − 4ac; D positive gives two real roots, D zero gives equal roots, and D negative gives complex roots.

Sum and product of roots

For ax² + bx + c = 0 with roots α and β, α + β = −b/a and αβ = c/a; the equation is x² − (α+β)x + αβ = 0.

Arithmetic progression nth term

For an AP with first term a and common difference d, the nth term is a + (n − 1)d and the sum of n terms is (n/2)[2a + (n−1)d].

Sphere and cone volumes

Volume of a sphere is (4/3)πr³; volume of a cone is (1/3)πr²h and its curved surface area is πrl where l is slant height.

Trigonometric Pythagorean identities

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1; dividing by cos²θ gives 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ, and dividing by sin²θ gives 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ.

Midpoint and distance formula

Distance between two points is √[(x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²]; the midpoint coordinates are the averages of the corresponding x and y values.

Newton's second law

The net force on a body equals mass times acceleration (F = ma); a larger net force or smaller mass produces greater acceleration.

Ohm's law

At constant temperature, current through a conductor is directly proportional to potential difference: V = IR, where R is resistance in ohms.

pH scale

A 0–14 scale of hydrogen ion concentration; below 7 is acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic, and each unit represents a tenfold change.

Photosynthesis equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight; glucose is stored and oxygen released as a by-product.

Mitochondria function

Membrane-bound organelles called the powerhouse of the cell; they carry out aerobic respiration and release ATP, the cell's usable energy currency.

Universal blood donor

O-negative red blood cells, because they lack A, B and Rh D antigens and so provoke no reaction with recipient antibodies.

Noble gases group

Group 18 elements such as helium, neon and argon; they have complete outer shells and are chemically very unreactive.

Dandi March

Gandhi's 1930 march to Dandi to make salt in defiance of the British salt law, a major turning point of the Indian freedom movement.

Tropic of Cancer in India

An imaginary latitude of about 23.5°N passing through eight Indian states, including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal.

Fundamental Duties

Eleven duties of citizens listed in Article 51A, Part IVA, inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the Swaran Singh Committee's advice.

Directive Principles

Non-enforceable guidelines in Part IV (Articles 36–51) directing the state towards welfare policies; borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

GDP definition

Gross Domestic Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders during one year.

Disguised unemployment

A situation where more workers are engaged in a job than needed, so removing some would not reduce output; common in Indian family farming.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject a plural verb; intervening phrases do not change the verb's number.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has/have plus the past participle; it describes an action completed at an unspecified time or continuing relevance to the present.

Active to passive voice

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus past participle, and the original subject follows by or is dropped.

Affect versus effect

Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence; effect is usually a noun meaning a result or consequence.

Prepositions of time

Use in for months, years and seasons; on for days and dates; at for exact clock times and festivals.

సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి

సవర్ణమైన అచ్చులు కలిసినప్పుడు దీర్ఘం ఏర్పడుతుంది; ఉదా. రామ + ఆలయం = రామాలయం.

కర్మధారయ సమాసం

విశేషణం మరియు విశేష్యం కలిసి ఒకే అర్థాన్ని ఇచ్చే సమాసం; ఉదా. నల్లకలువ - నల్లని కలువ.

ఉపమాలంకారం

ఉపమేయాన్ని ఉపమానంతో పోల్చి చెప్పే అలంకారం; పోలికను సూచించే పదాలు (వలె, లాగా) ఉంటాయి.

సమాపక క్రియ

వాక్యాన్ని ముగించి పూర్ణార్థాన్ని ఇచ్చే క్రియ; ఉదా. రాముడు పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళాడు అనే వాక్యంలో 'వెళ్ళాడు'.