TGPSC Group III key terms

An understanding between Telangana and Andhra leaders before the 1956 merger of Telugu-speaking areas, promising safeguards such as regional expenditure balance, local reservation in jobs, and a regional council, which later became central to statehood grievances.

Rules from the former Hyderabad state reserving certain government posts for long-term residents (mulkis) of the Telangana region; their extension and later legal battles sharpened the demand for a separate Telangana state.

The long campaign, with phases in 1969, the 1990s and 2001 onward, seeking a separate state for the Telangana region on grounds of regional inequality in jobs, irrigation and resources; it led to the formation of Telangana in 2014.

A political party founded in 2001 by K. Chandrashekar Rao to pursue separate statehood for Telangana; after achieving statehood it came to power in 2014 and was later renamed Bharat Rashtra Samithi.

Parliamentary law that bifurcated Andhra Pradesh, creating Telangana as the 29th state on 2 June 2014 and setting out provisions on assets, liabilities, water projects, and a common high court during transition.

Provision empowering the central government to allocate or redistribute resources and institutions between successor states, notably used in disputes over government employees and the common capital region of Hyderabad.

Arrangement under which Hyderabad served as joint capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for up to ten years after 2014, after which Andhra Pradesh was to develop its own capital at Amaravati.

Telangana government programme launched in 2014 to restore and desilt thousands of minor irrigation tanks and chain tanks, aiming to improve groundwater recharge and irrigation for small farmers.

Telangana scheme to supply treated piped drinking water to every household in rural and urban areas, drawing water from major rivers and reservoirs and treating it before distribution.

Large lift-irrigation project on the Godavari river in Telangana, using a series of pumping stations and barrages to divert water to the Mid Manair and other reservoirs for irrigation and drinking needs.

Inter-state tribunal constituted to settle sharing of Godavari waters among riparian states; its award and later agreements shape Telangana's and Andhra Pradesh's claims to river water.

Telangana investment support scheme paying farmers a fixed amount per acre per season to meet input costs, credited directly to bank accounts shortly before the cropping season.

Telangana group life insurance scheme for farmers, under which the state pays the premium and the nominee of a deceased enrolled farmer receives a lump-sum amount.

Telangana welfare scheme providing a substantial one-time grant to Dalit families to start self-employment ventures, with the aim of creating assets and income rather than short-term consumption support.

Study of the region's society and culture, including Kakatiya temple architecture, Deccan Sultanate and Qutb Shahi heritage, the Telugu folk traditions of Bathukamma and Bonalu, and composite Hindu-Muslim cultural life.

Telugu ruling house centred at Warangal from the 12th to 14th centuries, known for temple architecture such as the Ramappa temple, irrigation tanks, and patronage of literature and the arts.

Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled the Golconda Sultanate from the 16th to 17th centuries, building the Charminar and Golconda fort, promoting Persian and Telugu culture, and prospering from diamond trade.

Telangana floral festival celebrated mainly by women, who arrange seasonal flowers in a conical stack, sing and dance around it, and finally immerse it in water, symbolising the region's cultural identity.

Telangana folk festival honouring the goddess Mahakali, in which women carry decorated pots of cooked food to temples, especially in Hyderabad and Secunderabad, during the monsoon months.

Constitutional principle established in Kesavananda Bharati that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to destroy its essential features such as supremacy of law, judicial review, and federalism.

Guaranteed individual freedoms in Part III of the Indian Constitution, enforceable in courts through writs, covering equality, speech, life and liberty, religion, and constitutional remedies.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing governments to pursue social and economic justice, welfare, and public health; they are not directly enforceable in courts but inform law-making.

Three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas, mandated by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, with elected gram panchayats, block-level and district-level councils and reserved seats for marginalised groups and women.

Constitutional body constituted every five years to recommend how central tax revenue is shared between the Union and states and among states, and to advise on grants-in-aid.

The gap between a government's total expenditure and its total receipts excluding borrowings, expressed as a share of GDP; it indicates how much the government must borrow to fund spending.

The excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts in a government budget; it shows the extent to which routine spending is being met through borrowing rather than current income.

Monetary policy framework in which the central bank commits to a numerical inflation target and uses interest rates to steer inflation toward it, with a statutory committee setting the policy rate.

The interest rate at which the central bank lends short-term funds to commercial banks against securities; raising it tends to reduce liquidity and inflation, lowering it tends to stimulate credit.

A region with exceptionally high numbers of endemic species that has lost a large share of its original habitat; the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalaya are hotspots in India.

The benefits people obtain from nature, such as clean water, pollination, flood control and carbon storage; many are not priced in markets and are lost when habitats are degraded.

Process of predicting the environmental and social effects of a proposed project before approval, requiring public consultation and an environment management plan for certain categories of projects.

Systematic effort to reduce the damage caused by hazards through preparedness, early warning, land-use planning and resilient infrastructure rather than relying only on relief after an event.

International agreement adopted in 2015 setting global targets to reduce disaster losses by understanding risk, strengthening governance, investing in resilience and improving preparedness and recovery.

Technology-enabled reform allowing ration card holders, especially migrants, to draw subsidised foodgrain from any fair price shop in the country through biometric authentication and portability.

Network of fair price shops through which governments supply subsidised foodgrain to eligible households, identified using poverty and deprivation criteria under the National Food Security Act.

The pattern of state spending on schemes such as Rythu Bandhu and Mission Bhagiratha, and the debate over welfare expenditure versus capital investment in irrigation and infrastructure.

The state's farm economy, dominated by paddy and cotton, supported by canal and tank irrigation, and supplemented by dairy, poultry and fisheries that add to rural incomes.

Rules of Telugu word formation where sounds combine at morpheme boundaries (sandhi) and where compound words (samasa) are built; both are common in formal and literary Telugu usage.

Skills tested through unseen passages, précis and grammar items, and through translating short sentences between Telugu and English while preserving meaning, tone and register.