UPMSP High School Kannada flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadya

Kannada word for prose. In the Kannada paper it covers prescribed short stories, essays, biographies and reminiscences; questions ask for theme, character analysis and value judgement.

Jīvani

Kannada term for biography - the life account of a real person written by another author. Questions usually ask for the subject's dates, achievements and the qualities the author praises.

Mūla bhāvane

Theme of a prose lesson, expressed as subject plus the author's assertion about it, supported by one specific incident from the text rather than a general statement.

Mūlya ādhārita praśne

Value-based question. Answer by naming the value, citing the character's decision that demonstrates it, and stating the consequence the lesson shows.

Rasa

Aesthetic sentiment a poem evokes. The navarasa are shringara, hasya, karuna, raudra, vira, bhayanaka, bibhatsa, adbhuta and shanta; rasa is judged by the dominant emotion, not the topic.

Upamā alaṅkāra

Simile in Kannada poetry. Two unlike things are compared explicitly with a comparison word such as iva, ante, oppa or hāge; without that word the figure is not upama.

Rūpaka alaṅkāra

Metaphor. The object of comparison is identified directly with the subject, with no comparison word like iva or ante, so the image is asserted rather than suggested.

Anuprāsa

Alliteration - repetition of the same consonant sound in successive words of a verse line, producing musical effect; it is detected by reading the line aloud.

Sandhi

Junction of the final sound of one word with the initial sound of the next. Kannada recognises three kinds: svara sandhi (vowels), vyanjana sandhi (consonants) and visarga sandhi.

Dvandva samāsa

Compound whose members are equally important. Test it by inserting 'matthu' (and) between them, as in tāyi + tande = tāyitande, mother and father.

Bahuvrīhi samāsa

Possessive compound that names a person or thing different from its members; caturmukha ('four-faced') denotes Brahma, not the four faces themselves.

Vibhakti

Kannada grammatical case. There are eight - prathamā, dvitīya, tṛtīya, caturthī, pañcamī, ṣaṣṭhī, saptamī and sambodhana - marked by suffixes such as -annu, -inda, -ge and -alli.

Kāraka

Semantic role a noun plays in a sentence, such as kartṛ (doer), karma (object), karaṇa (instrument) or adhikaraṇa (locus). Kāraka is the role; vibhakti is the case suffix that marks it.

Prashasti

Kannada commendation writing with a fixed order: title line, the person's name and position, achievements listed as points, words of praise and good wishes, then issuer's name and date.

Aupachārika patra

Formal Kannada letter. It contains the sender's address, date, receiver's designation, a viṣaya (subject) line, formal salutation, body and the sender's signature.

Prabandha

Kannada essay. Standard structure is an introduction defining the topic, two or three body paragraphs each carrying an example, and a conclusion offering opinion or suggestion.

Vijñāpana

Short Kannada notice that answers the five essentials - what, when, where, who and why - and adds a contact line together with the name of the issuing person or office.

Apathita gadyāṃśa

Unseen Kannada prose passage in the paper. Its questions must be answered only from the lines supplied, usually in one or two complete sentences each.

Samānārthaka

Synonym. In unseen-passage vocabulary questions, pick the word that matches the meaning the passage gives in that sentence, not the commonest dictionary meaning.

Viruddhārthaka

Antonym in Kannada. Opposite-word questions expect one word that reverses the meaning of the given word as it is used in the passage.

Kavirājamārga

Earliest extant Kannada work (about 850 CE), a treatise on poetics attributed to Srivijaya and King Nṛpatuṅga; it names earlier poets whose works are now lost.

Pampa

Kannada Ādikavi of the 10th century; wrote Ādipurāṇa and Vikramārjuna Vijaya (Pampabhārata) in champu style under the patronage of Arikesari II.

Ranna

10th-century Kannada poet titled Kavichakravarti, author of Gadāyuddha (also called Sāhasabhīma Vijaya) and Ajitapurāṇa; famous for his vigorous battle descriptions.

Kuvempu

K. V. Puttappa, modern Kannada poet and novelist whose epic Śrī Rāmāyaṇa Darśanam won the Jñānapīṭha Award in 1967; he also wrote Malegaḷallī Mādumagaḷu.

Vachana

Short rhythmic Kannada devotional verse of the 12th-century Sharana movement, composed in simple spoken Kannada by Basavanna, Akkamahādevi, Allama Prabhu and others.

Anuvāda

Translation. Kannada papers require Kannada-to-Hindi or English and reverse rendering; marks go to preserved meaning and correct grammar rather than word-for-word correspondence.

Transliteration

Writing a name or technical term in the target script instead of translating it - Karnataka becomes कर्नाटक in Hindi and ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada script.

Idiom translation

Replacing a source-language idiom with an equivalent idiom in the target language. A literal word-for-word rendering of an idiom is treated as an error.

Yogavāhaka

The two Kannada signs that are neither vowel nor consonant - anusvāra (ಂ) and visarga (ಃ); with 14 vowels and 34 consonants they complete the alphabet.

Halanta

The Kannada sign ್ placed under a consonant to cancel its inherent 'a' sound; required in consonant clusters such as ಕ್ಷ and in word-final consonants.

Tatsama

A Sanskrit word borrowed into Kannada without change of form, such as dharma, kārya or rāja. Altered borrowings from Sanskrit are called tadbhava, for example rāja → rāya.

Kannada numerals

೦ ೧ ೨ ೩ ೪ ೫ ೬ ೭ ೮ ೯ stand for 0 to 9; dates, question numbers and page references in Kannada texts may use these instead of Arabic digits.