UPMSP High School Telugu flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadyam

Telugu term for prose. In the High School reader it covers stories, essays and biographical sketches, tested for theme, character and author details rather than metre.

Pātra citrīkaraṇaṃ

Characterisation. Answers require naming a specific incident from the lesson and the trait it reveals, such as generosity shown by a particular act of giving.

Tātparyaṃ

The theme or central purport of a prose lesson. It is stated as a full sentence about the lesson's message, supported by plot detail rather than replaced by summary.

Jīvita citra

A biographical sketch, one prose genre in the Telugu reader. Questions on it ask for the subject's life events, achievements and the author's attitude towards the subject.

Rasa

The aesthetic sentiment evoked by a verse. The nine rasas include śṛṅgāra, vīra, karuṇa, hāsya, raudra, bhayānaka, bībhatsa, adbhuta and śānta.

Upamā alaṃkāraṃ

Simile. It needs four elements: the thing described, the thing compared, their shared property, and the word of comparison such as iva, vale or vīṇi.

Rūpaka alaṃkāraṃ

Metaphor. The compared object is identified with the subject directly, without a word of comparison, so the two are presented as one thing.

Chandas

Metre in Telugu verse. A vṛtta is identified by its gaṇa pattern and the number of akṣaras per pāda; kandam and āṭaveladi are common prescribed metres.

Yati

The caesura or pause within a line of Telugu verse. Along with prāsa, alliteration of the second letter of each pāda, it is a frequently asked sound feature.

Sandhi

Junction of sounds at a word boundary. The first member is pūrva pada and the second para pada, and the type is named after the sounds that combine.

Guṇa sandhi

A vowel junction where a or ā followed by i, u or ṛ yields e, o or ar respectively. Example: rāma + indruḍu gives rāmendruḍu.

Samāsa

Compound formation joining two or more words into one. Types include tatpuruṣa, dvandva, dvigu, bahuvrīhi, karmadhāraya and avyayībhāva.

Bahuvrīhi samāsaṃ

A compound that denotes something other than either member, often a possessor of the quality named. Example: dīrghabāhuḥ means one with long arms, not a long arm.

Dvandva samāsaṃ

A compound whose members are joined by 'and', each retaining equal status. Example: rāma-lakṣmaṇulu means Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa together.

Vibhakti

Grammatical case in Telugu, ranging from prathamā (nominative) through dvitīya, tṛtīya, caturthī, pañcamī, ṣaṣṭhī to saptamī (locative), each with its own suffix.

Kāraka

The semantic role a noun plays in relation to the verb, such as doer, object, instrument or location. Vibhakti is its surface case marking.

Kriyārthaṃ

A finite verb form marked for person, number and tense, such as ceśānu (I did) or vastāḍu (he will come), as opposed to participial kṛdanta forms.

Upavācakam

The non-detailed supplementary reader of the Telugu course. Questions test plot sequence, characters, setting and the stated moral of each lesson.

Nīti

The moral drawn from a supplementary reader lesson. A complete answer names the moral and the specific incident in the text that illustrates it.

Upacārika uttaram

A formal letter. Its parts in order are sender address, date, receiver address, subject line, salutation, body, closing and signature.

Anupacārika uttaram

An informal or personal letter. It omits the subject line, uses familiar address, and keeps the body conversational while still following a clear order.

Sāraṃ

A précis or summary. It keeps about one-third of the original, preserves the order of ideas, drops examples and repetition, and uses third person without quotation.

Saṃbhāṣaṇaṃ

Dialogue writing. One speaker per line, name followed by a colon or dash, natural spoken register, and an exchange that advances a single issue to a close.

Paryāya padamu

A synonym. Examples include jalaṃ and nīru for water, and sūryuḍu and bhāskaruḍu for the sun, used interchangeably in context.

Viruddhārtha padamu

An antonym. Standard pairs include sukhaṃ–duḥkhaṃ, jayaṃ–apajayaṃ, dīrghaṃ–hrasvaṃ and ānandaṃ–viṣādaṃ, tested in matching items.

Dative suffix -ki/-ku

The Telugu case suffix meaning 'to' or 'for', marking the recipient or purpose. It renders English 'to' before a person and 'for' before a purpose.

Apaṭhita gadyam

An unseen prose passage set for comprehension. All answers must come from the printed text, and responses are written as complete Telugu sentences.

Apaṭhita padyam

An unseen verse set for comprehension. Identify the speaker, the addressee and the situation first; meaning questions follow from those three.

Main-idea option rule

In unseen passage questions, the correct title or main-idea option must cover the whole passage, not a fact true of only one sentence within it.

Kandam

A Telugu metre in which each pāda has four gaṇas followed by a single short syllable and a long one; common in prescribed padyam portions.

Āṭaveladi

A Telugu metre with a characteristic gaṇa pattern and a long final syllable in each pāda; metre-identification items often contrast it with kandam.

Prāsa

Alliteration in which the second letter of each pāda of a verse is the same. It is a sound feature frequently asked alongside yati in poetry items.

Karmadhāraya samāsaṃ

A compound in which the first member qualifies the second and the whole denotes the second member, as in mahārājuḍu, a great king.