UPMSP High School Human Science study guide
UPMSP High School Human Science · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
Human Science (Manav Vigyan) is an elective subject in the Uttar Pradesh Board's High School (Class 10) curriculum. It treats the human body not as pure biology but as everyday health practice: how the skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems are built and what they do, and then what a person must actually do to keep them working - balanced diet, clean water, sanitation, immunization, first aid, home nursing, maternal and child care, and sensible consumer choices. The UPMSP High School Human Science study guide has 11 sections and about 3,658 words.
01Skeletal, muscular and integumentary systems - structure, function and care
There are 206 bones: 80 axial (skull 22, vertebral column 26, ribs 24 and sternum, hyoid) and 126 appendicular (limbs and girdles). Bones give shape and support, protect organs (skull–brain, rib cage–heart and lungs, vertebrae–spinal cord), act as levers for muscles, store calcium and phosphorus, and form blood cells in the red marrow of long bones, sternum and pelvis.
356 words, about 2 min02Digestive system, nutrients and balanced diet
Mouth: teeth grind food; salivary amylase (ptyalin) converts starch to maltose at about pH 6.8. Oesophagus: peristalsis pushes food down.
350 words, about 2 min03Respiratory and circulatory systems - gas exchange, blood and lymph
Air passes the nose (warming, filtering), pharynx, larynx (voice), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli - some 300 million, giving 70–80 m² of surface. Exchange is by diffusion across a wall one cell thick: alveolar oxygen pressure is high and blood oxygen pressure low, so oxygen enters the blood while carbon dioxide leaves it.
335 words, about 2 min04Excretory system, water–salt balance and homeostasis
Kidneys remove urea, uric acid, creatinine and excess salt and water; lungs remove carbon dioxide and water vapour; skin removes water, salt and a little urea in sweat; the liver excretes bile pigments. Each kidney holds about a million nephrons.
321 words, about 2 min05Nervous system and sense organs
Dendrites receive, the cell body integrates, the axon conducts and the myelin sheath speeds conduction; the synaptic knob releases a neurotransmitter such as acetylcholine into the synapse. The impulse is electrical within a neuron and chemical across the gap.
342 words, about 2 min06Endocrine glands and hormones
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary, the master gland. Anterior pituitary: growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin.
295 words, about 1 min07Reproductive system, adolescence and reproductive health
Male: testes lie in the scrotum, cooler than the body; seminiferous tubules make sperm and interstitial cells make testosterone; sperm pass through epididymis and vas deferens with seminal vesicle and prostate secretions, out through the urethra. Female: ovaries hold ova, the ovum being the largest human cell; fertilisation normally occurs in the fallopian tube; the zygote implants in the uterus; the placenta exchanges nutrients, oxygen and wastes.
337 words, about 2 min08Health, hygiene, sanitation and communicable diseases
Health is physical, mental and social well-being. Communicable diseases spread by direct contact, droplets or airborne particles, water and food (faecal-oral route), vectors, and blood.
295 words, about 1 min09First aid, home nursing and safety practices
Airway, breathing, circulation. Check response, call for help, then act.
322 words, about 2 min10Family, community and maternal–child health
Nuclear and joint or extended families; functions are reproduction, protection, economic support, socialisation, emotional support and health care. The small family norm helps maternal and child health and stretches family resources.
353 words, about 2 min11Consumer awareness and home/resource management
Under the Consumer Protection Act 2019: safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, consumer education, and protection against unfair trade practices. A consumer is anyone who buys goods or hires services for consideration, including online buyers.
352 words, about 2 min