UPMSP High School Health Care flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Primary health care

First level of contact between people and the health system, delivered through sub-centres and PHCs, focusing on promotive, preventive and basic curative services close to the community.

Accredited Social Health Activist

A trained female community health worker, one per 1,000 population, who links households to health services, promotes immunisation and escorts pregnant women to facilities.

Referral system

A process in which a patient is sent from a lower-level facility to a higher-level facility when the condition exceeds local capacity, with counter-referral returning the patient back.

Anatomical position

The standard reference posture: standing erect, face forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward, used to describe all body locations and directions.

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Four divisions of the abdomen formed by a vertical and horizontal line through the navel; the liver sits mainly in the right upper and the appendix in the right lower quadrant.

Long bone structure

A bone with a central shaft (diaphysis), expanded ends (epiphysis), an outer periosteum, and a medullary cavity containing marrow that produces blood cells.

Cardiac output

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume, normally about five litres at rest.

Oliguria

A condition in which urine output falls below 400 millilitres per day in an adult, indicating possible dehydration, kidney injury or obstruction requiring assessment.

Personal hygiene practices

Daily habits such as bathing, brushing teeth twice, washing hands with soap for 40 to 60 seconds, and keeping nails short and clean to prevent infection.

Adult CPR ratio

For an adult in cardiac arrest, give 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths, at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Recovery position

A lateral side-lying position used for an unconscious person who is breathing normally, keeping the airway open and allowing fluids to drain from the mouth.

Burn first aid

Cool the burn under running water for at least 20 minutes, remove tight items, cover with a clean cloth, and avoid oil, toothpaste, ice or bursting blisters.

Pressure ulcer prevention

Reposition an immobile patient at least every two hours and inspect pressure points such as the sacrum, heels, hips and shoulders to prevent skin breakdown.

Fowler's position

A semi-sitting position with the head of the bed raised 45 to 60 degrees, used to ease breathing and reduce pressure on the abdomen.

Intake-output charting

Recording all fluids a patient takes in and all output such as urine, vomit and drains; urine output below 30 millilitres per hour must be reported.

Five moments of hand hygiene

Before patient contact, before an aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after touching patient surroundings; the WHO framework for hand hygiene.

Biomedical waste colour coding

Yellow for anatomical and soiled waste, red for contaminated plastic, white for sharps, and blue for glassware and metallic implants, as per Indian rules.

Autoclave sterilisation

A method of sterilising equipment using steam under pressure at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes, which kills all microorganisms including spores.

Vaccine cold chain

Storage of most vaccines at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius; DPT, hepatitis B and tetanus toxoid must never be frozen, while oral polio vaccine is kept frozen.

Kwashiorkor

A form of protein-energy malnutrition marked by oedema, moon face, a distended abdomen and skin changes, caused mainly by protein deficiency.

Marasmus

Severe protein-energy malnutrition caused by overall calorie deficiency, presenting with extreme wasting, loss of fat and muscle, and a child who looks like a skeleton.

Balanced diet

A diet providing energy mainly from carbohydrates, adequate protein and fat, plus vitamins, minerals, fibre and water in proportions that maintain health.

Eclampsia

Convulsions occurring in a pregnant woman with high blood pressure, managed with magnesium sulphate, a quiet dark room, airway protection and urgent referral to hospital.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Giving only breast milk, with no water or other food, for the first six months of life, followed by complementary feeding while breastfeeding continues up to two years.

Stages of labour

First stage from contractions to full cervical dilatation, second stage to birth of the baby, and third stage to delivery of the placenta.

Rights of medication

The six checks before giving any drug: right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation of the administration.

ORS preparation

One packet of oral rehydration salts dissolved in one litre of clean water, given in small sips, with any leftover solution discarded after 24 hours.

Paracetamol adult dose

500 to 1000 milligrams every four to six hours, with a maximum of four grams in 24 hours, since overdose can cause serious liver damage.

Blood pressure measurement

Inflate the cuff 20 to 30 mmHg above the point where the radial pulse disappears; the first sound gives systolic and the last sound diastolic pressure.

Tuberculosis warning signs

A cough lasting more than two weeks with evening fever, night sweats and weight loss; sputum testing and chest X-ray confirm, and DOTS treatment is free.

Informed consent

Voluntary agreement to a procedure after the patient is told, in a language they understand, its nature, risks, benefits and available alternatives.

Needle-stick injury response

Wash the wound with soap and water without squeezing, apply antiseptic, report immediately, and start post-exposure prophylaxis as advised by the medical officer.