UPMSP Intermediate Kannada flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadya (prose) domain scope

In this exam, prose questions cover author, lesson title, central theme, characters and vocabulary in context. Answers must come from the prescribed textbook lesson, not outside knowledge about the author.

Sārāṃśa (gist) question

A prose question asking for the lesson's summary or moral purpose. The correct option restates the lesson's stated thesis, usually announced in the opening and closing paragraphs, rather than listing minor events.

Kathanāyaka

Kannada term for the protagonist or central character of a narrative lesson. When a question uses this word, identify the figure around whom the plot turns, not a minor helper or narrator.

Prabandha (essay-type prose)

A discursive prose lesson built on a single argument. Its thesis appears early and is restated at the close; theme questions are answered by that thesis, not by isolated examples inside the essay.

Author–work matching trap

Distractor options swap authors between prescribed lessons. Fix each author's full name to the exact lesson title while revising, because partial recall of a name is enough to select a wrong option.

Meaning-in-context vocabulary

Prose vocabulary items ask what a word means as used in a given sentence. The correct option fits the sentence's sense; a dictionary gloss that does not fit the grammar is the distractor.

Padya (poetry) question focus

Poetry items test four things: poet name, poem title, metre (chandassu) and message. Read the stem to see which is asked before recalling the poem, since each has a separate answer.

Kanda padya

A regulated Kannada vṛtta metre of four lines with a fixed syllable pattern per line. Exam items may ask which line carries the poem's central idea rather than the metre's name.

Vṛtta versus mātrā metres

Vṛtta metres count syllables per line under fixed patterns (kanda, champaka). Mātrā-based folk metres count syllabic weight and include sangatya, tripadi and ragale. The exam may ask which category a named metre belongs to.

Upamā (simile)

A figure of speech comparing two things explicitly, marked in Kannada by comparison words such as 'like' or 'as'. Identify it by the marker word, not by the subject matter of the comparison.

Rūpaka (metaphor)

A figure of speech that identifies one thing with another without a comparison marker, so the two are fused. Distinguish it from upamā, which keeps the marker word and the separation.

Dhruvapada (refrain)

A repeated line or refrain in a poem that states its central idea. When a question asks for the poem's message, the paraphrase of the refrain is usually the correct option.

Bhavartha

The figurative or intended meaning of a poem, as opposed to its literal wording. Poems praising a river, tree or land are commonly allegories for social or national renewal.

Non-detailed text scope

Supplementary reader lessons are longer narratives tested for plot sequence, character relationships and moral outcome. Line-level language analysis belongs to the prose and poetry domains instead.

Plot-sequence item

A question asking what happened first or next in a supplementary lesson. Anchor the story at its turning point, then place other events before or after that fixed reference.

Turning point

The pivotal decision or event in a narrative that changes the outcome. Cause-and-effect and sequence questions are solved fastest by locating this point and relating other events to it.

Character-relationship item

A question asking who is the protagonist's mentor, rival or benefactor. Answer only from explicit statements in the prescribed text; inference beyond the text produces wrong options.

Moral-outcome question

A supplementary-reader item asking what the story teaches. The correct option names a value such as honesty, perseverance or compassion that the story's resolution actually supports.

Setting distractor

An option that supplies a place, period or detail the lesson never states. If the text is silent on setting, the option adding it is wrong regardless of how plausible it sounds.

Sandhi

The sound change produced when two words or sounds join. Exam items ask either to name the sandhi type (svara, vyañjana, visarga) or to split a joined word back into its original parts.

Bahuvrīhi samāsa

A compound that names the possessor rather than the members themselves, functioning as an adjective. Test: the compound denotes a person or thing other than what its parts literally name.

Dvandva samāsa

A compound listing members joined by 'and'. The test is that each member can stand alone once the conjunction is restored, which distinguishes it from tatpuruṣa and karmadhāraya.

Karmadhāraya samāsa

A compound in which the first member qualifies the second as an adjective qualifies a noun, and the compound denotes the second member itself. Contrast with bahuvrīhi, which denotes a possessor.

Vibhakti (case) item

A grammar question asking the case of a marked noun in a sentence. The governing verb and postposition fix the case; word order alone does not determine it.

Vācya (voice) conversion

Changing active to passive alters both the verb form and the case of the object. Options that change only one of the two are wrong, so check both before selecting.

Pratyaya (suffix) question

An item asking which taddhita or kṛt suffix forms a given derivative, or what word class the derivative belongs to. Learn common suffixes together with the noun, adjective or agent noun they produce.

Formal letter order

Formal Kannada letters follow sender address, date, receiver designation, subject line, salutation, body and signature. Missing the subject line or the designation loses marks even when the body is correct.

Prabandha essay structure

An essay opens by stating the topic, develops it in two or three coherent paragraphs, and closes with a conclusion. Marks reward coherence and relevance rather than sheer length.

Topic sentence

The sentence that states a paragraph's single controlling idea. Every other sentence must support it, and the closing sentence should round off rather than introduce a new point.

Precis length rule

A summary keeps the original's central idea, drops examples and repetition, and stays near one-third of the original length. Including minor detail or copying sentences verbatim both lose marks.

Apaṭhita gadyāṃśa

The unseen prose passage in the reading-comprehension section. Every answer must be supported by the passage itself; an option that is generally true but absent from the text is wrong.

Vocabulary-in-context in passage

An unseen-passage item asking what a word means as used there. Choose the sense that fits the surrounding sentence, not the word's most frequent dictionary meaning.