UPMSP Class 12 Home Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Home Science definition

An interdisciplinary applied science that draws on natural and social sciences to improve the quality of life of individuals and families in their everyday living.

Scope of Home Science

Covers food and nutrition, human development, resource management, textiles and clothing, housing and interiors, health, consumer education and extension, opening careers in teaching, dietetics, industry and self-employment.

Extension education

The process of carrying research-based knowledge from institutions to families and communities through demonstrations, exhibitions, camps, mass media and personal contact.

Energy value of fat

Fat supplies 9 kilocalories per gram, more than twice the energy of carbohydrate or protein, which each supply 4 kilocalories per gram.

Balanced diet meaning

A diet that supplies all essential nutrients in correct proportion along with adequate energy for a person's age, sex, activity and physiological state such as pregnancy or illness.

Marasmus and kwashiorkor

Protein-energy malnutrition disorders: marasmus results from severe deficiency of energy and protein with extreme wasting, while kwashiorkor shows oedema, poor growth and skin changes.

Night blindness cause

Vitamin A deficiency impairs production of rhodopsin in the retina, reducing vision in dim light; prolonged deficiency can lead to xerophthalmia and blindness.

Food exchange list

A grouping of foods with similar energy and nutrient content so that measured portions can be substituted for one another while keeping the diet's nutrient value unchanged.

Danger zone temperature

The range of about 5 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius in which bacteria multiply most rapidly, so cooked food should not be held there for long.

Pasteurisation of milk

Heating milk to about 63 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes or 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds, then cooling rapidly to kill pathogens while retaining most nutrients.

Jam setting agents

Pectin, sugar and acid together cause jam to set; soluble solids should reach about 68 to 70 degrees Brix to give a firm gel and prevent spoilage.

Metanil yellow adulterant test

Adding dilute hydrochloric acid to turmeric or pulses adulterated with metanil yellow produces a pink colour, indicating the presence of this banned dye.

Cephalocaudal development

The principle that growth and motor control proceed from head to tail, so an infant controls the head before the trunk and the trunk before the legs.

Exclusive breastfeeding duration

Infants should receive only breast milk, without water or other feeds, for the first six months; colostrum is included because it is rich in protective antibodies.

Piaget sensorimotor stage

Jean Piaget's first stage, from birth to about two years, when infants learn through senses and actions and gradually develop object permanence.

Puberty growth spurt

The rapid increase in height and weight during adolescence, starting earlier in girls than boys, accompanied by secondary sexual characteristics and increased nutrient needs.

Human versus non-human resources

Human resources are qualities of people such as time, energy, knowledge and skills; non-human resources are material goods such as money, land, equipment and community facilities.

Work simplification

A management technique that reduces fatigue and time by eliminating unnecessary steps, combining tasks, changing sequence and using suitable labour-saving equipment.

Family life cycle stages

Predictable stages of family development, from starting through expanding and launching to ageing, each with different income, expenditure and space requirements.

Mercerising of cotton

Treating cotton yarn or fabric under tension with cold sodium hydroxide solution, which increases lustre, strength and dye absorption.

Burning test for silk

Silk, a protein fibre, burns slowly, curls away from the flame and smells of burning hair, leaving a crushable dark bead unlike the paper smell of cotton.

Twill weave feature

A weave in which warp and weft threads pass over two or more of each other in a stepped order, producing a distinct diagonal line on the fabric surface.

Principles of design

Balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, harmony and scale are the rules used to arrange the elements of design so that a composition looks pleasing.

Cool colours in interiors

Blues, greens and violets appear to recede and create a restful impression, making a small room look larger and cooler than warm colours do.

Cross ventilation requirement

Air movement through a room needs openings on opposite or adjacent walls; a common guide is an openable window area of about one-fifth of the floor area.

WHO definition of health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, as defined by WHO.

First aid for burns

Cool the burn with running water for at least ten to twenty minutes, cover with a clean non-stick cloth and avoid applying oil, toothpaste or ice.

Heimlich manoeuvre

Abdominal thrusts given to a conscious choking adult after back blows, to force air from the lungs and expel the obstructing object from the airway.

Consumer rights under CPA 2019

Rights to safety, information, choice, be heard, seek redressal and consumer education, protected by the Consumer Protection Act 2019 which also covers e-commerce.

ISI and AGMARK marks

ISI is the BIS certification mark for industrial and consumer goods quality, while AGMARK certifies the grade quality of agricultural produce in India.

Small family norm

The family welfare goal of two children with at least three years' spacing, supported by family planning advice from health workers and government welfare programmes.

Sensory evaluation score card

A form on which panellists rate coded food samples for appearance, aroma, texture and taste, with water provided to rinse the mouth between samples.