UPMSP Class 12 Wood Craft flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Ring-porous wood

Hardwood in which earlywood contains large vessels forming a visible ring and latewood has much smaller pores; examples include oak, ash and elm. It affects grain appearance and finishing needs.

Equilibrium moisture content

The moisture content at which wood neither gains nor loses moisture to the surrounding air at a given temperature and relative humidity. Wood should be dried to the EMC of its service environment.

Case-hardening defect

A seasoning defect where the outer shell dries and sets in tension while the wet core stays in compression. It appears as a stress pattern released when the board is resawn.

Marking gauge

A hand tool with a pin or knife projecting from a stock that slides on a stem. It scribes a line parallel to a face edge at a set distance.

Rip saw tooth geometry

Teeth shaped like small chisels, filed square across the blade, designed to cut along the grain and clear waste quickly. Crosscut saws instead have knife-pointed teeth.

Wire edge removal

After honing the bevel, the burr formed at the edge is removed by laying the flat back on the stone and honing lightly. The edge is sharp only when the burr is gone.

Saw jointing

Filing the tops of all saw teeth to a single straight line using a flat file in a saw vice. It restores a level tooth line before re-filing and re-setting.

Riving knife function

A metal plate behind a circular saw blade that follows the blade and prevents the kerf from closing on the rising teeth, reducing kickback risk.

Thicknesser versus surface planer

A surface planer flattens one face and squares one edge; a thicknesser then reduces the board to a parallel thickness. Planing precedes thicknessing.

Mortise and tenon proportion

The tenon thickness is normally about one-third of the rail thickness, with the mortise cut to match. This balances strength against weakening the stile.

Dovetail angle rule

Dovetail slopes are commonly about 1:6 for softwoods and 1:8 for hardwoods. Shallower angles suit softer timber; steeper angles suit dense hardwood.

First-angle projection

An orthographic layout in which the object sits between the observer and the plane, so the plan appears below the front elevation and the side elevation opposite the viewing side.

Bill of quantities

A parts list giving each component's length, width, thickness and quantity. Volume is summed, a wastage allowance added, and the total priced to estimate material cost.

French polish bodying stage

The stage where shellac is applied with a charged rubber in overlapping circles and then straight strokes, building the film. It is followed by spiriting and stiffing.

Grit progression rule

Sanding advances through steps such as 80, 120, 180 and 240 grit without skipping more than one step. Jumping grits leaves scratches that later coats reveal.

Kickback cause

The workpiece is lifted and thrown back when the rising teeth at the rear of a circular saw blade grip it. Full support, a sharp blade and a riving knife prevent it.

Oily rag fire risk

Rags soaked with drying oils such as linseed oxidise and generate heat, which can self-ignite. They are kept flat or in a self-closing metal bin.

Face side and face edge

The two reference surfaces marked with a symbol after squaring. All subsequent measuring, marking and machining is taken from these datum faces.

Checking diagonals for square

Measuring both diagonals of an assembled frame or carcase. Equal diagonals indicate square; a difference shows the frame must be racked before the glue sets.

Softwood anatomical feature

Softwoods lack vessels and consist mainly of tracheids, with resin canals in some species. Their end grain appears uniform without pore dots.

Tangential versus radial shrinkage

Tangential shrinkage is roughly twice radial shrinkage, and longitudinal shrinkage is negligible. This difference causes cupping in flatsawn boards and stability in quartersawn boards.

Full-cell pressure treatment

A preservation process where vacuum draws air out, pressure forces preservative in, and a final vacuum recovers excess. It gives high retention for ground-contact timber.

Bevel angle of a chisel

The angle between the bevel face and the flat back, typically 25 degrees with a 30 degree micro-bevel. A lower angle cuts cleaner but the edge is weaker.

Push stick use zone

A push stick or push block is used whenever the hands would pass within about 300 mm of a rotating cutter or blade. It keeps fingers out of the danger zone.

Router feed direction

The work is fed against the direction of cutter rotation so the cutter pulls the work into the fence. Feeding the same direction causes the router to run away.

Stopped housing joint

A groove cut across a board that does not run through the full width, leaving a shoulder at the front. It hides the joint line on visible faces such as shelves.

PVA versus cross-linking adhesive

Standard PVA is for interior dry use; cross-linking PVA rated D3 or D4 resists damp and heat. Polyurethane or epoxy is chosen where gaps or water are expected.

Isometric drawing axes

Three axes drawn at 30 degrees to the horizontal, with all lengths scaled equally. It shows three faces in one view without perspective convergence.

Standard dining table height

A typical dining table is 750 mm high with a seat height of 450 mm, leaving about 300 mm of clearance. Desk height follows the same 750 mm convention.

Paste wood filler

A filler applied to open-grained woods before finishing so the pores do not absorb finish unevenly. Excess is wiped across the grain and the surface sanded back.

Wood dust health hazard

Airborne wood dust is a recognised carcinogen linked to nasal cancer and causes dermatitis and asthma. Extraction at source and a fitted respirator are the controls.

Trial dry assembly

Assembling the joint or project without adhesive to check fit, square and alignment. Faults are corrected before glue makes the assembly permanent.