UPMSP Intermediate Chemistry study guide
UPMSP Intermediate Chemistry · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The UPMSP Intermediate Chemistry examination is the Class 12 chemistry paper set by the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UP Board) for students completing higher secondary schooling in Uttar Pradesh. It is a school-leaving and board-certification exam rather than a professional licence: candidates sit it to complete Class 12, and the resulting marks feed into higher-education admissions and eligibility for competitive entrance tests. The UPMSP Intermediate Chemistry study guide has 12 sections and about 4,414 words.
01Solutions
Solutions tests concentration units, Raoult's law, ideal and non-ideal behaviour, azeotropes, Henry's law and the four colligative properties - the most numerical part of the physical chemistry paper. Molarity (M) = mol solute per litre of solution; it changes with temperature.
382 words, about 2 min02Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry tests galvanic cells, standard electrode potentials, the Nernst equation, conductance and Kohlrausch's law, Faraday's laws, commercial cells and corrosion. Oxidation occurs at the anode, reduction at the cathode.
369 words, about 2 min03Chemical Kinetics
Chemical kinetics tests rate expressions, order versus molecularity, integrated rate laws, half-life, the Arrhenius equation and collision theory. Rate = −Δ[reactant]/Δt = +Δ[product]/Δt.
329 words, about 2 min04The d- and f-Block Elements and Coordination Compounds
This domain tests the definition and characteristic properties of transition metals, lanthanoid contraction, and the nomenclature, isomerism, bonding and magnetic behaviour of coordination compounds. A transition element has an incompletely filled d subshell in its atom or in one of its common oxidation states; Zn, Cd and Hg (d¹⁰) are therefore excluded.
381 words, about 2 min05Haloalkanes, Haloarenes, Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
This domain tests substitution mechanisms, the relative reactivity of haloalkanes and haloarenes, the preparation and reactions of alcohols and phenols, and the cleavage and formation of ethers. SN2: one step, backside attack, inversion of configuration, rate ∝ [RX][Nu⁻]; favoured by CH₃ 1° 2° 3° and polar aprotic solvents.
405 words, about 2 min06Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids and Amines
This domain tests nucleophilic addition at the carbonyl group, the classic distinguishing tests, acidity patterns in carboxylic acids, and the basicity and identification of amines. Nucleophilic addition is the defining reaction (HCN, NaHSO₃, Grignard reagents, alcohols).
352 words, about 2 min07Biomolecules and Polymers
This domain tests the classification and reactions of carbohydrates, the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, and the classification, synthesis and properties of polymers. Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) are reducing because of a free anomeric hydroxyl.
392 words, about 2 min08Solid State and Surface Chemistry
This domain tests crystal lattices and unit cells, density calculations, point defects, semiconductors, adsorption isotherms, catalysis and colloids. Simple cubic: Z = 1, packing efficiency 52.4%, coordination number 6.
348 words, about 2 min09p-Block Elements and Hydrogen
This domain tests trends and important compounds of groups 15–18, oxoacid strength and structure, interhalogens, noble gas chemistry, and the isotopes, hydrides and bonding of hydrogen. NH₃ is pyramidal with a lone pair and strong hydrogen bonding.
405 words, about 2 min10General Principles of Metallurgy and s-Block Elements
This domain tests the sequence of metallurgical operations from concentration to refining, and the trends, anomalies and important compounds of groups 1 and 2. Concentration by gravity, magnetic separation, froth flotation (sulphide ores with pine oil) or leaching (bauxite with NaOH, gold with NaCN).
360 words, about 2 min11Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
This domain tests IUPAC naming and isomerism, electronic effects, carbocation stability and aromaticity, plus the characteristic reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and benzene. Inductive effect: σ-bond polarisation, weak and distance-dependent; –NO₂, –CN, –COOH and halogens withdraw, alkyl groups donate.
338 words, about 2 min12Practical Chemistry and Laboratory Skills
This domain tests qualitative salt analysis, functional-group detection, titration technique, safe handling of reagents, and correct recording of observations and data. Cations are separated by group reagents: Group I (Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺) with dilute HCl; Group II (Cu²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cd²⁺, Sn²⁺, As³⁺) with H₂S in dilute HCl; Group III (Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺) with NH₄OH/NH₄Cl; Group IV (Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺) with H₂S in ammoniacal medium; Group V (Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺) with (NH₄)₂CO₃; Group VI (Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺) by elimination.
353 words, about 2 min