UPMSP Vocational Security flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

CIA triad

Confidentiality, integrity and availability: the three core goals of information and asset security. Confidentiality limits access to authorised persons, integrity keeps data accurate and unaltered, availability ensures access when needed.

Risk formula

Risk equals likelihood multiplied by impact. Residual risk is what remains after controls are applied and must be formally accepted by an accountable authority rather than ignored.

Defence in depth

Layering independent controls so that failure of one layer does not expose the asset. Typical layers are deterrence, detection, delay and response, supported by policies and trained staff.

Life safety priority

In any conflict between protecting people and protecting property, life safety always takes precedence. Guards evacuate and assist casualties before securing assets or investigating losses.

Proportionate use of force

Force must be lawful, necessary, minimal and proportionate to the threat. Deadly force is never justified solely to protect property, and every use of force is recorded and reviewed.

Tailgating

An unauthorised person following an authorised person through a controlled door without presenting credentials. Defeated by turnstiles, mantraps, one-person rules and staff challenge.

Anti-passback

A system rule preventing a credential from being used to enter twice without an intervening exit. It stops card sharing and requires linked entry and exit readers.

Fail-safe vs fail-secure

Fail-safe locks release on power loss, allowing escape in a fire. Fail-secure locks stay locked on power loss, protecting high-value assets. Life safety areas require fail-safe.

Fire tetrahedron

Four elements needed for fire: fuel, oxygen, heat and chain reaction. Removing any one element extinguishes the fire, which is the basis of all extinguishing methods.

PASS technique

Extinguisher use: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side. Always keep an exit route behind you.

Fire classes

A solids, B flammable liquids, C gases, D metals, E electrical and F cooking oils. Water is unsafe on B, E and F fires; use foam, CO2 or dry powder as appropriate.

Adult CPR ratio

For adults, give 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Compress at 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres with full chest recoil.

Recovery position

A side-lying position for an unconscious but breathing casualty. It keeps the airway open and lets vomit drain, preventing choking while waiting for emergency services.

DRABC primary survey

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Check scene safety first, then responsiveness, open the airway, check breathing and circulation before any secondary assessment.

Hierarchy of controls

Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then personal protective equipment. PPE is the last line of defence because it protects only the wearer and can fail.

Lockout tagout

Isolating energy sources before maintenance so equipment cannot start. Each worker applies a personal lock and tag and holds the key until the work is finished.

Confined space entry

Entry into a space with restricted access and poor ventilation. Requires atmospheric testing, ventilation, an attendant outside and a rescue plan before anyone enters.

Heat stroke signs

Hot dry skin, confusion, high body temperature and collapse. It is a medical emergency: cool the casualty rapidly, call emergency services and do not give fluids to an unconscious person.

PPE by hazard

Helmet for head, goggles for eyes, ear protection for noise, respirator for dust and fumes, gloves for chemicals, safety shoes for feet. Selection follows the specific hazard identified.

Crowd density risk

Crowd movement is free below about 2 persons per square metre. Around 4 to 5 persons per square metre, turbulence and crushing risk appear, requiring flow control and monitoring.

Crush protection stance

In a crowd crush, keep arms in front of the chest to protect the ribcage, do not push back, and move diagonally with the flow toward the edge of the crowd.

Event zoning

Dividing an event site into public, ticketed, restricted and backstage zones. Each zone has its own access rules, screening level and staffing, increasing toward the protected asset.

Traffic marshal rule

Never turn your back on moving traffic. Use exaggerated consistent hand signals, reflective clothing and illuminated wands at night, and keep fire lanes clear.

Phonetic alphabet

A standard spelling alphabet using words such as Alpha, Bravo, Charlie and Delta for letters, with digits spoken individually, to avoid confusion on radio.

Occurrence book

A chronological log of every event on shift, recording time, place, persons, action and outcome. Written in ink without erasure, it is the primary evidence of the shift.

Incident report elements

Who, what, when, where, why and how, plus witnesses, evidence, action taken and signature. Reports state observed facts, not opinions or conclusions.

PIR sensor

Passive infrared detector that senses movement of body heat across its field of view. Used in intrusion alarms; it does not detect stationary persons well.

PTZ camera

Pan-tilt-zoom camera that can be moved and zoomed remotely by an operator. It covers a wide area but records only one view at a time.

Chain of evidence

A signed record of who handled footage, keys or items, when and why. It keeps evidence admissible and prevents tampering between seizure and handover to police.

Citizen's arrest limit

A private person may detain someone in the act of committing a non-bailable offence or a proclaimed offender, then hand them to police promptly. There is no general power of arrest on suspicion.

Private search consent

A guard has no power to search a person without consent or legal authority. If consent is refused, deny entry or call police; never use force to search.

Bomb threat call

Stay calm, keep the caller talking, record exact words, background noise, accent and time, then report immediately. Do not use radios near a suspected device.