UPPSC AE Civil cheat sheet

Concrete mix design (IS 10262): target mean strength f'ck = fck + 1.65·s, where s is the assumed standard deviation; water-cement ratio is selected from the IS 456 durability table for the exposure class, then adjusted for aggregate size and slump.

IS 456 flexural design: Mu,lim = 0.36·fck·b·xu,lim·(d − 0.42·xu,lim), with xu,lim/d = 0.53 for Fe 415 and 0.48 for Fe 500; singly reinforced sections are valid only when xu ≤ xu,lim.

Shear design (IS 456): nominal shear stress τv = Vu/(b·d) must not exceed τc,max; minimum shear reinforcement Asv/(b·sv) ≥ 0.4/(0.87·fy), and sv ≤ 0.75d or 300 mm, whichever is smaller.

Bending-moment ordinates for a simply supported beam under a single point load W at distance a from the left support: maximum BM = W·a·b/L, occurring under the load; for a uniformly distributed load w, maximum BM = wL²/8 at midspan.

Slope and deflection by Macaulay's method: integrate EI·d²y/dx² = M(x) once for slope and twice for deflection; apply boundary conditions (y = 0 at supports) to evaluate the constants, and treat a concentrated couple as a discontinuity in the moment expression.

Soil compaction (IS 2720 Part 8): the Proctor test gives OMC and maximum dry density; increasing compactive effort raises MDD and lowers OMC, while adding water beyond OMC reduces dry density because air voids are replaced but water occupies space.

Effective stress principle: σ' = σ − u. For a capillary rise of height hc above the water table, pore water pressure is negative (−hc·γw), so effective stress increases by hc·γw; quick condition (boiling) occurs when the upward seepage gradient equals the critical gradient ic = (G − 1)/(1 + e).

Hydrology: the rational method gives peak discharge Q = C·i·A/3.6 (Q in m³/s, i in mm/h, A in km²); unit hydrograph ordinates are converted to a storm hydrograph by multiplying each ordinate by the effective rainfall depth and summing with the appropriate time lag.

Surveying: the prismatic compass bearing is a magnetic bearing affected by local attraction, while the surveyor's compass is graduated in quadrants; the included angle at a traverse station equals the difference of the fore and back bearings, and the closing error is distributed by the Bowditch (compass) rule in proportion to side lengths.

Uttar Pradesh administrative geography: the state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts; Lucknow is the capital, and the High Court is at Prayagraj (Allahabad), while the Legislature has two houses - Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad.

Uttar Pradesh rivers: the Ganga enters the state near Bijnor and flows through the Doab; the Yamuna joins it at Prayagraj (Triveni Sangam), and the Ghaghara, Gandak and Rapti drain the eastern plains, making that region flood-prone.

Indian polity: Article 356 provides for President's Rule in a state, Article 368 governs amendment of the Constitution, and the Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.

Indian economy basics: the repo rate is the rate at which the RBI lends to banks against government securities, the reverse repo absorbs liquidity, and CRR/SLR are reserve requirements that reduce the lendable resources of banks.

Modern Indian history: the Indian National Congress was founded in 1885; the Non-Cooperation Movement began in 1920 and was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident (1922); the Quit India Movement was launched in 1942.

General Hindi grammar: संधि के प्रकार - स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि; 'सूर्य + उदय' में स्वर संधि होकर 'सूर्योदय' बनता है (गुण संधि), जबकि विसर्ग संधि में विसर्ग का लोप या परिवर्तन होता है।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष (पूर्वपद विभक्ति-चिह्न लुप्त), कर्मधारय (विशेषण-विशेष्य), द्वंद्व (दोनों पद प्रधान), बहुव्रीहि (अन्य पद प्रधान) और अव्ययीभाव (पूर्वपद अव्यय) - उदाहरण 'राजपुत्र' तत्पुरुष है।

मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ अर्थ सहित पूछे जाते हैं: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ-दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ है भाग जाना - प्रश्न में अर्थ और वाक्य-प्रयोग दोनों पर ध्यान दें।

Environment and current affairs: the National Green Tribunal was established in 2010, the Paris Agreement targets holding global warming well below 2°C, and India's renewable capacity targets are framed under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (2008).