UPPSC AE Civil flashcards
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31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Target mean strength
- In IS 10262 mix design, target mean strength equals characteristic strength plus 1.65 times the assumed standard deviation, giving the margin needed so that no more than 5 percent of test results fall below fck.
- Limiting neutral axis depth
- The ratio xu,lim/d depends on steel grade: 0.53 for Fe 415 and 0.48 for Fe 500. Beyond this depth the section is over-reinforced and should be redesigned rather than analysed as singly reinforced.
- Minimum shear reinforcement
- IS 456 requires Asv/(b·sv) not less than 0.4/(0.87·fy) whenever nominal shear stress exceeds the concrete shear strength, with spacing limited to the lesser of 0.75d and 300 mm.
- Maximum BM, simply supported
- For a simply supported beam with a central point load W and span L, the maximum bending moment is WL/4 at midspan; for a uniformly distributed load w it is wL²/8.
- Macaulay's method
- A deflection technique for beams with discontinuous loading: write one moment equation using bracket terms that vanish for negative arguments, then integrate twice and apply support boundary conditions to find constants.
- Proctor compaction curve
- Plotting dry density against water content gives a single peak: maximum dry density occurs at the optimum moisture content, and greater compactive effort raises the peak while shifting OMC to a lower value.
- Effective stress principle
- Effective stress equals total stress minus pore water pressure. It controls soil strength and compressibility; capillary suction above the water table makes pore pressure negative and increases effective stress.
- Critical hydraulic gradient
- The gradient at which upward seepage reduces effective stress to zero, causing boiling or quick sand. It equals (G − 1)/(1 + e), typically close to 1.0 for loose sands.
- Rational method
- Peak discharge equals C·i·A/3.6, where C is the runoff coefficient, i the rainfall intensity in mm per hour and A the catchment area in square kilometres.
- Unit hydrograph
- The direct runoff hydrograph produced by one centimetre of effective rainfall uniformly over a catchment in a specified duration. Ordinates scale linearly with rainfall depth for the same duration.
- Bowditch rule
- A traverse adjustment that distributes the closing error in proportion to the length of each side, used with compass traverses where angular and linear errors are of comparable magnitude.
- Local attraction
- Magnetic interference from nearby iron or electrical sources that makes compass bearings deviate from true magnetic values; it is detected when fore and back bearings differ by exactly 180 degrees.
- Workability tests
- The slump test measures consistency of concrete; the compaction factor test suits low-workability mixes, and the Vee-Bee consistometer measures the time to remould a cone under vibration.
- Bulking of sand
- Moist sand occupies more volume than dry sand because films of water separate the grains. Bulking peaks at roughly 4 to 6 percent moisture and must be accounted for when batching by volume.
- Bearing capacity, Terzaghi
- Ultimate bearing capacity for a strip footing is c·Nc + q·Nq + 0.5·γ·B·Nγ, where N factors depend on the friction angle and q is the surcharge at foundation level.
- Sewer self-cleansing velocity
- A minimum velocity of about 0.6 to 0.75 metres per second at design flow prevents silt deposition, while the maximum permissible velocity limits scour of the pipe material and joints.
- Uttar Pradesh divisions
- Uttar Pradesh has 75 districts grouped into 18 divisions. Lucknow is the capital, the High Court sits at Prayagraj, and the state legislature is bicameral with Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad.
- Triveni Sangam
- The confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati at Prayagraj. The Yamuna joins the Ganga there, and the site hosts the Kumbh Mela held on a cyclical basis.
- Article 356
- The constitutional provision allowing President's Rule in a state when constitutional machinery fails. Its imposition must be approved by Parliament and remains subject to judicial review.
- Fundamental Duties
- Added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation, Article 51A lists eleven duties of citizens; they are non-justiciable and complement Fundamental Rights.
- Repo rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Raising it tightens liquidity and is a tool of contractionary monetary policy.
- Chauri Chaura incident
- A 1922 clash in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, where a mob burned a police station. Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement immediately afterwards, believing the movement had turned violent.
- Quit India Movement
- Launched in August 1942 at the Bombay session of the Congress with the call for immediate British withdrawal. Most leaders were arrested, and the movement became largely leaderless and spontaneous.
- स्वर संधि
- दो स्वरों के मेल से होने वाला परिवर्तन स्वर संधि कहलाता है। इसके पाँच भेद हैं - दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण और अयादि; जैसे 'सूर्य + उदय' से 'सूर्योदय' में गुण संधि है।
- विसर्ग संधि
- विसर्ग के स्थान पर स्वर या व्यंजन का परिवर्तन होने से विसर्ग संधि बनती है; जैसे 'निः + चय' से 'निश्चय' और 'मनः + रथ' से 'मनोरथ'।
- तत्पुरुष समास
- जिस समास में उत्तर पद प्रधान हो और पूर्व पद का विभक्ति-चिह्न लुप्त हो, वह तत्पुरुष है; जैसे 'राजपुत्र' अर्थात राजा का पुत्र।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- जिस समास में दोनों पदों से भिन्न कोई तीसरा अर्थ प्रधान हो, वह बहुव्रीहि है; जैसे 'चतुर्भुज' अर्थात चार भुजाओं वाला विष्णु।
- अंधे की लाठी
- यह मुहावरा एकमात्र सहारे का अर्थ देता है। वाक्य-प्रयोग में यह किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति या वस्तु के लिए आता है जिस पर पूर्ण निर्भरता हो।
- National Green Tribunal
- A specialised body established in 2010 to adjudicate environmental disputes quickly. It hears cases on pollution, forest clearance and environmental compensation and can order restitution of damaged ecology.
- Paris Agreement
- A 2015 global climate treaty aiming to hold warming well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, pursuing 1.5 degrees. Nations submit nationally determined contributions reviewed every five years.
- राष्ट्रीय कार्य योजना
- जलवायु परिवर्तन पर 2008 में घोषित भारत की राष्ट्रीय कार्य योजना में आठ मिशन शामिल हैं, जिनमें सौर ऊर्जा, जल, ऊर्जा दक्षता और हिमालयी पारिस्थितिकी से जुड़े मिशन प्रमुख हैं।