UPPSC AE Electrical flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Transformer EMF equation

E = 4.44 f N Φm volts, where f is supply frequency, N is turns and Φm is peak flux. The 4.44 constant arises from the RMS value of a sinusoidal flux waveform.

Slip of induction motor

Slip s = (Ns − Nr)/Ns, where Ns is synchronous speed and Nr is rotor speed. At standstill s = 1; at no load s is close to zero.

Synchronous speed formula

Ns = 120f/P revolutions per minute, with f in hertz and P the number of poles. A 4-pole machine on 50 Hz therefore runs at 1500 rpm.

Maximum torque condition

In an induction motor maximum torque occurs at slip s = R2/X2. The magnitude of maximum torque is independent of rotor resistance, though the slip at which it occurs changes.

Surge impedance loading

SIL = VL²/Zc, where Zc = √(L/C) is the surge impedance of the line. A long line delivering SIL has nearly flat voltage profile.

Ferranti effect

On a lightly loaded or open-circuited long transmission line, the receiving-end voltage rises above the sending-end voltage because line capacitance supplies leading charging current.

Two-wattmeter method

Total three-phase power equals W1 + W2. Power factor angle is found from tan φ = √3(W1 − W2)/(W1 + W2); a negative reading means power factor below 0.5.

Per-unit impedance base

Zbase = kVbase²/MVAbase for a three-phase system. Per-unit impedance has the same value referred to either side of an ideal transformer.

Zero-sequence current path

Zero-sequence currents are in phase in all three phases and require a neutral return path. They cannot flow in an ungrounded star connection or a delta winding without a ground.

DC generator EMF equation

Eg = PΦNZ/(60A), where A = P for lap winding and A = 2 for wave winding. Wave winding gives higher voltage for the same speed and flux.

Differential protection principle

Currents from both ends of a transformer or busbar are compared in a relay. Equal currents circulate and the relay stays stable; an internal fault produces a difference current that trips.

Article 32 of the Constitution

Article 32 guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Dr Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.

Fundamental Rights location

Fundamental Rights are contained in Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35, including equality, freedom, and constitutional remedies.

Constitution adoption date

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, the date now observed as Republic Day.

Uttar Pradesh boundaries

Uttar Pradesh borders eight states plus the union territory of Delhi. Its capital is Lucknow and its High Court sits at Prayagraj.

Monetary Policy Committee target

India's Monetary Policy Committee of the RBI targets consumer price inflation of 4 percent with a tolerance band of plus or minus 2 percent.

Reserve Bank of India origin

The Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 under the RBI Act, 1934, and was nationalised in 1949. It manages monetary policy and currency issuance.

Tropic of Cancer in India

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, from Gujarat and Rajasthan in the west through Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

Sangam at Prayagraj

The Sangam near Prayagraj is the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati. The Ganga enters Uttar Pradesh near Bijnor and the Yamuna near Saharanpur.

तत्पुरुष समास

तत्पुरुष समास में उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है और पूर्व पद विभक्ति चिह्न लुप्त रहता है, जैसे राजपुत्र अर्थात् राजा का पुत्र।

द्वंद्व समास

द्वंद्व समास में दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं और 'और' या 'अथवा' लुप्त रहता है, जैसे माता-पिता अर्थात् माता और पिता।

बहुव्रीहि समास

बहुव्रीहि समास में कोई भी पद प्रधान नहीं होता; दोनों मिलकर तीसरे अर्थ का बोध कराते हैं, जैसे दशानन अर्थात् दस मुख वाला रावण।

अव्ययीभाव समास

अव्ययीभाव समास में पूर्व पद अव्यय होता है और समस्त पद अव्यय बन जाता है, जैसे प्रतिदिन अर्थात् प्रत्येक दिन।

वीर रस

वीर रस का स्थायी भाव उत्साह है और यह युद्ध, दान या धर्म के प्रति साहसिक प्रवृत्ति से जागृत होता है।

करुण रस

करुण रस का स्थायी भाव शोक है, जो प्रिय वस्तु या व्यक्ति के वियोग और दुःख की स्थिति से उत्पन्न होता है।

अनुप्रास अलंकार

अनुप्रास अलंकार में एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति या पुनरुक्ति से चमत्कार उत्पन्न होता है, जैसे चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें।

उपमा अलंकार

उपमा अलंकार में उपमेय की तुलना उपमान से की जाती है और वाचक शब्द सा, सी, सम या तुल्य प्रयुक्त होते हैं।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है, जबकि प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द बनाता है।

Subject-verb agreement with one of

In the pattern 'one of + plural noun', the verb agrees with 'one' and stays singular, as in 'One of the students is absent'.

Subjunctive after if

In hypothetical conditions, use 'were' for all persons: 'If I were the engineer, I would redesign the panel'. Simple past 'was' is incorrect here.

Since versus for

Use 'since' with a specific starting point in time and 'for' with a length of duration, as in 'since 2019' and 'for five years'.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is normally a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is normally a noun meaning a result. Confusing the two is a common usage error.

Bolt from the blue

The idiom 'a bolt from the blue' means a completely unexpected and shocking event, like lightning from a clear sky. It is not used for planned events.