UPPSC RO/ARO flashcards
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31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Preamble
- Opening statement of the Indian Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and securing justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. The words socialist and secular were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
- Article 32
- Right to Constitutional Remedies, allowing a person to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights through writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus and certiorari. Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.
- 42nd Amendment
- Passed in 1976 during the Emergency, it added socialist and secular to the Preamble, inserted Fundamental Duties under Article 51A, and expanded Directive Principles. It is often called the mini-Constitution for its breadth.
- Triveni Sangam
- Confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati at Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh. It is a major pilgrimage site and the venue of the Kumbh Mela held in rotation every twelve years.
- Repo rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Raising it tightens liquidity and is used to control inflation.
- Battle of Panipat 1526
- First Battle of Panipat, in which Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi using artillery and the tulughma flanking tactic, ending the Delhi Sultanate and founding the Mughal Empire in India.
- Photosynthesis equation
- Carbon dioxide plus water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight, yields glucose plus oxygen: 6CO2 + 6H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6O2. It occurs in chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical energy.
- Fundamental Duties
- Eleven duties listed in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation. They are moral obligations and are not directly enforceable by courts.
- स्वर संधि
- दो स्वरों के मेल से होने वाला परिवर्तन। इसके पाँच भेद हैं - दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण और अयादि। उदाहरण: विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय में दीर्घ संधि है।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- वह समास जिसमें कोई भी पद प्रधान न होकर तीसरा ही अर्थ प्रधान होता है। जैसे 'दशानन' का अर्थ दस मुख वाला रावण, 'चक्रधर' का अर्थ चक्र धारण करने वाला विष्णु।
- उपसर्ग
- वे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देते हैं। जैसे 'प्र' + 'हार' = प्रहार, 'अनु' + 'शासन' = अनुशासन। हिंदी में संस्कृत, हिंदी, उर्दू और विदेशी उपसर्ग प्रचलित हैं।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- जिस अलंकार में एक ही व्यंजन की आवृत्ति बार-बार होती है, जैसे 'चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें'। यह शब्द-सौंदर्य और लय उत्पन्न करता है।
- पुनरुक्ति दोष
- वाक्य में एक ही अर्थ के शब्दों का अनावश्यक दोहराव, जैसे 'सर्वश्रेष्ठतम' या 'केवल मात्र'। शुद्ध रूप में 'सर्वश्रेष्ठ' और 'केवल' लिखना चाहिए।
- तत्सम और तद्भव
- तत्सम वे शब्द हैं जो संस्कृत से बिना बदलाव के हिंदी में आए, जैसे अग्नि, दुग्ध। तद्भव वे हैं जिनका रूप बदल गया, जैसे आग, दूध।
- मुहावरा: लोहे के चने चबाना
- अत्यंत कठिन कार्य करना या कठिनाई का सामना करना। जैसे - सीमा पर सैनिक लोहे के चने चबाते हैं। मुहावरे का अर्थ शब्दों के शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न होता है।
- कारक
- वाक्य में संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का क्रिया के साथ संबंध बताने वाला रूप। हिंदी में आठ कारक हैं - कर्ता, कर्म, करण, संप्रदान, अपादान, संबंध, अधिकरण और संबोधन।
- Subject-verb agreement
- Rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person. Singular subjects take singular verbs; with either-or and neither-nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject.
- Present perfect tense
- Formed with has or have plus the past participle. It describes a past action connected to the present, and pairs with since for a point of time and for with a duration.
- Passive voice
- Construction using a form of be plus the past participle, used when the object of the action is more important than the doer. Only transitive verbs can be made passive.
- Affect versus effect
- Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence; effect is usually a noun meaning a result. Confusing them is a common error in error-spotting questions.
- One-word substitution
- Replacing a phrase with a single precise word, such as a person who speaks many languages being called a polyglot, or something that cannot be avoided being called inevitable.
- Idiom: once in a blue moon
- An idiom meaning very rarely or almost never. It is used adverbially, as in he visits his village once in a blue moon, and tests knowledge of figurative meaning.
- Reported speech backshift
- When the reporting verb is in the past, present tenses in the reported clause shift to past, and words like now, tomorrow and this become then, the next day and that.
- Gerund
- A verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun, as in swimming is good exercise. It can be the subject or object of a sentence and may take a possessive before it.
- Touch typing home row
- The resting position of the fingers on a keyboard: ASDF for the left hand and JKL plus semicolon for the right. Raised bumps on F and J guide placement without looking.
- Words per minute formula
- Typing speed is calculated as total characters typed divided by five to get words, then divided by elapsed minutes. Net speed subtracts error characters before the division.
- Krutidev font
- A Remington-based Hindi keyboard layout and font widely used in Indian government typing tests. It maps Devanagari characters to English key positions, so typing requires memorising the layout.
- RAM versus ROM
- RAM is volatile working memory that loses contents when power is cut; ROM is non-volatile and retains firmware such as the BIOS. RAM is read-write, ROM is mainly read-only.
- Ctrl+Z
- Standard shortcut to undo the last action in most Windows applications. Its counterpart Ctrl+Y redoes the undone action, and Ctrl+S saves the current document.
- Absolute cell reference
- An Excel reference written with dollar signs, such as $A$1, that stays fixed when a formula is copied to other cells. Without dollar signs the reference shifts relatively.
- Typing test qualifying nature
- In UPPSC RO/ARO recruitment the Hindi and English typing test is qualifying, meaning marks are not added to the merit list but failure to meet the prescribed speed and accuracy disqualifies the candidate.