UPSSSC Lower PCS cheat sheet

Uttar Pradesh was renamed from the United Provinces on 24 January 1950; its capital is Lucknow, and it has 75 districts and 18 divisions.

The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly has 403 elected seats, the Legislative Council has 100 seats, and Uttar Pradesh sends 80 members to the Lok Sabha and 31 to the Rajya Sabha.

The Allahabad High Court, established in 1866, is the High Court for Uttar Pradesh; its principal seat is at Prayagraj, with a bench at Lucknow.

Key 1857 revolt centres in Uttar Pradesh included Meerut (initial outbreak), Kanpur (Nana Saheb), Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Jhansi (Rani Lakshmibai) and Bareilly (Khan Bahadur Khan).

Uttar Pradesh borders eight Indian states-Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar-and also Nepal.

The Ganga enters Uttar Pradesh near Bijnor; the Yamuna joins it at Prayagraj; the Gomti, Ghaghara, Rapti, Betwa and Ken are other important rivers.

Uttar Pradesh is India's largest sugarcane producer and a leading producer of wheat, potato and food grains; the One District One Product scheme promotes a distinctive product per district.

Major expressways in Uttar Pradesh include Purvanchal, Bundelkhand, Ganga, Yamuna and Agra–Lucknow; Noida International Airport is located at Jewar.

हिंदी वर्णमाला में 11 स्वर, 33 व्यंजन और 2 अयोगवाह (अं, अः) माने जाते हैं; संयुक्त व्यंजन अलग गिने जाते हैं।

संधि तीन प्रकार की होती है: स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय (स्वर संधि) है।

समास के छह मुख्य भेद हैं: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव।

कारक आठ होते हैं: कर्ता, कर्म, करण, संप्रदान, अपादान, संबंध, अधिकरण और संबोधन।

वाच्य तीन प्रकार के होते हैं: कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य और भाववाच्य।

‘अंधे की लाठी’ का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा; ‘आँख का तारा’ का अर्थ है बहुत प्रिय; ‘गागर में सागर’ का अर्थ है थोड़े शब्दों में अधिक बात।

अलंकार में अनुप्रास (वर्णों की आवृत्ति), उपमा (समानता), रूपक (अभेद आरोप) और उत्प्रेक्षा (संभावना) प्रमुख हैं।

वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द: ‘जिसकी कोई तुलना न हो’ = अनुपम; ‘जो सब कुछ जानता है’ = सर्वज्ञ; ‘जिसका आदि न हो’ = अनादि।

Subject-verb agreement: with ‘neither … nor’ or ‘either … or’, the verb agrees with the nearer subject; ‘each’, ‘every’ and ‘everyone’ take singular verbs.

Articles: use ‘a’ before consonant sounds and ‘an’ before vowel sounds, so ‘an hour’ but ‘a university’.

‘Since’ marks a starting point and ‘for’ marks a duration; present perfect continuous uses ‘has/have been + V-ing’.

Few and many modify countable plurals; little and much modify uncountable nouns; ‘a few’ means some.

Passive voice: the object becomes subject, the verb becomes ‘be + past participle’, and the original subject may be omitted or placed after ‘by’.

Common confusables: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); principal (head/main) vs principle (rule); stationary (not moving) vs stationery (writing material).

Idioms: ‘break the ice’ = start a conversation; ‘once in a blue moon’ = very rarely; ‘hit the nail on the head’ = say exactly the right thing.

Reading comprehension: the main idea is the central claim covering the whole passage, while a supporting detail answers a specific who/what/when/where question.

Percentage change = [(new value − old value) / old value] × 100; successive changes of x% and y% give net change x + y + xy/100 percent.

Profit% = (SP − CP) / CP × 100; loss% = (CP − SP) / CP × 100; discount% is calculated on marked price.

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1] when interest is compounded annually.

Speed = distance/time; 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s; for the same distance, time is inversely proportional to speed.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; if each observation increases by k, the average increases by k.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr²; circumference = 2πr; area of trapezium = ½(a + b)h; volume of cylinder = πr²h.

Volume of cone = ⅓πr²h; volume of sphere = 4/3πr³; curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh.

Work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they finish in xy/(x + y) days; work rates are inversely proportional to time taken.

Data interpretation: read units and scale on axes first; percentage share = (part/whole) × 100.

Analogy: identify the exact relation (part–whole, cause–effect, synonym, worker–tool) before choosing the pair with the same relation.

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes or alternating patterns; confirm the rule on at least two consecutive steps.

Coding-decoding: compare plain and coded words position by position; note shifts (+1, −2), reversals or letter-number substitutions.

Blood relations: draw a family tree; vertical lines show generations, horizontal lines show siblings/spouses; do not assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: fix north upward; a right turn is 90° clockwise and a left turn is 90° counterclockwise; use Pythagoras for shortest distance.

Syllogism: in ‘All A are B’, A is inside B; ‘Some A are B’ means overlap; a conclusion is valid only if true in every possible diagram.

Circular seating: for people facing the centre, a person's left is clockwise and right is anticlockwise; for people facing outside, these directions reverse.

Dice: opposite faces cannot appear together; on a standard die, opposite faces sum to 7.

Mirror image: left and right interchange but top and bottom remain unchanged; water image interchanges top and bottom.

1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

The CPU has an ALU for arithmetic/logic, a control unit for instruction sequencing, and registers for temporary storage; RAM is volatile and ROM is non-volatile.

Operating systems manage hardware, files and processes; examples include Windows, Linux, macOS and Android.

Common shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find.

MS Word uses .docx, MS Excel uses .xlsx, and MS PowerPoint uses .pptx as default document extensions.

PowerPoint: F5 starts the slideshow from the beginning; Shift+F5 starts from the current slide; Esc ends the running slideshow.

Internet terms: a URL identifies a web resource; HTTP/HTTPS is the transfer protocol; a browser renders web pages; an IP address identifies a device on a network.

Email: To, Cc and Bcc are recipient fields; Cc recipients are visible to all, while Bcc recipients are hidden from other recipients.

Computer security: a firewall filters network traffic; antivirus software detects malware; a strong password combines length, mixed case, digits and symbols.