UPSSSC Mukhya Sevika cheat sheet
UPSSSC Mukhya Sevika · Keep the key ideas within reach.
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Article 21A (86th Amendment, 2002) made free and compulsory education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6-14; enforced through the RTE Act, 2009.
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies; one-third seats reserved for women.
Uttar Pradesh has 75 districts and the largest population of any Indian state; Hindi is the official language and Lucknow is the capital.
NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission on 1 January 2015; the Prime Minister is its Chairperson.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched in 1975 and is the world's largest early-childhood programme, delivered through Anganwadi centres.
National Girl Child Day is observed on 24 January; International Women's Day on 8 March; Poshan Maah every September.
The Constitution's Directive Principles (Part IV) direct the State to secure nutrition, health and childhood care, guiding welfare legislation.
Key awards to recall: Dhanvantari Award (medical), Padma Shri/Padma Bhushan (civilian), and the National Award for Child Welfare.
General Hindi
संधि: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि) तथा व्यंजन संधि - जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।
समास के भेद: अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि - जैसे राजपुत्र = तत्पुरुष (राजा का पुत्र)।
उपसर्ग अर्थ बदलते हैं (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय दो प्रकार के - कृत् (करना) और तद्धित (संज्ञा/विशेषण बनाने वाले)।
कारक के आठ भेद; अपादान में 'से' और अधिकरण में 'में/पर' चिह्न आते हैं।
वाच्य तीन प्रकार: कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य, भाववाच्य; कर्मवाच्य में क्रिया कर्म के लिंग-वचन के अनुसार होती है।
अलंकार: अनुप्रास (वर्ण आवृत्ति), उपमा (सा/सम), रूपक (अभेद आरोप), उत्प्रेक्षा (मानो/जनु)।
रस के नौ भेद; श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत और शांत।
मुहावरे अर्थ सहित: नौ दो ग्यारह होना = भाग जाना; आँख का तारा = अत्यंत प्रिय; लोहे के चने चबाना = कठिन कार्य करना।
General English
Subject-verb agreement: singular subjects take singular verbs; 'each, every, either, neither, everyone' are singular.
Tenses: present perfect (has/have + V3) for past actions with present relevance; past perfect for the earlier of two past actions.
Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.
Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for unique or specified nouns.
Prepositions of time: in (months/years), on (days/dates), at (clock time); 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with duration.
Direct to indirect speech: present tense shifts to past; 'said to' becomes 'told'; questions use 'if/whether' or the question word.
Common confusables: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); principal (head) vs principle (rule); stationary (fixed) vs stationery (paper).
Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' = reveal a secret; 'once in a blue moon' = very rarely; 'a blessing in disguise' = apparent misfortune that turns out well.
Quantitative Aptitude and Numerical Ability
Average = Sum of items / Number of items; if a value x replaces y, new average changes by (x − y)/n.
Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive changes a% then b% give net change a + b + ab/100.
Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; compound interest = P(1 + R/100)^T − P.
Profit% = Profit/CP × 100; when selling price and loss% are known, CP = SP × 100/(100 − loss%).
Speed = Distance/Time; for equal distances at speeds x and y, average speed = 2xy/(x + y).
Ratio: if a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, then a:b:c = 8:12:15 (make the common term equal).
Work: if A does a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.
Area formulas: circle πr², triangle ½ × base × height, rectangle l × b; volume of cylinder πr²h.
Logical Reasoning and Mental Ability
Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes and alternating patterns before assuming a rule.
Coding-decoding: map letter positions (A=1 … Z=26); reverse alphabet position = 27 − position.
Blood relations: draw a family tree; 'maternal uncle' = mother's brother, 'paternal aunt' = father's sister.
Direction sense: track net displacement using north-south and east-west components; use Pythagoras for shortest distance.
Syllogism: 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must follow in every possible diagram.
Seating arrangement: fix one definite position first, then place others using left/right and immediate-neighbour clues.
Clock: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M| degrees; hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours.
Calendar: an ordinary year has 1 odd day, a leap year 2; a century leap year must be divisible by 400.
Child Development and Psychology
Piaget's stages: sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+).
Erikson's psychosocial stages: trust vs mistrust (infancy), autonomy vs shame (1-3), initiative vs guilt (3-6), industry vs inferiority (6-12).
Kohlberg's moral development: pre-conventional (obedience, self-interest), conventional (social approval, law), post-conventional (universal ethics).
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development: the gap between what a child can do alone and with guidance; scaffolding supports this gap.
Kohlberg and Piaget address moral/cognitive stages; Bandura's social learning theory explains behaviour through observation and modelling.
Classical conditioning (Pavlov) pairs a neutral stimulus with a reflex; operant conditioning (Skinner) uses reinforcement and punishment.
Attachment theory (Bowlby, Ainsworth): secure, avoidant and ambivalent patterns; early secure attachment predicts later social competence.
Development follows cephalocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (centre outward) direction; individual differences in rate are normal.
Nutrition
Macronutrients: carbohydrates 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g; energy requirement for a normal adult is about 2,000-2,400 kcal/day.
Protein-energy malnutrition: marasmus from overall energy deficit (severe wasting), kwashiorkor from protein deficiency with oedema and fatty liver.
Micronutrient deficiencies: vitamin A causes night blindness/xerophthalmia; iron causes anaemia; iodine causes goitre and cretinism; vitamin D causes rickets.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency causes scurvy; thiamine (B1) deficiency causes beriberi; niacin deficiency causes pellagra.
Colostrum, the first thick yellowish breast milk, is rich in antibodies (IgA) and should be given within the first hour of birth.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months; complementary feeding starts at 6 months while breastfeeding continues to 2 years.
Iodised salt prevents iodine deficiency disorders; iron-folic acid supplementation is given to pregnant women and adolescent girls.
Balanced diet: cereals for energy, pulses for protein, milk and milk products for calcium, fruits and vegetables for vitamins and fibre.
Health and Hygiene
ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION (ORS): one packet in one litre of clean water; give small sips frequently during diarrhoea to prevent dehydration.
Danger signs of dehydration in children: sunken eyes, no tears, dry mouth, skin pinch going back slowly, lethargy.
Handwashing with soap at five critical times (after toilet, before eating, before feeding a child, before cooking, after handling waste) prevents diarrhoea.
Universal Immunisation Programme vaccines: BCG and OPV at birth; pentavalent, OPV and rotavirus at 6, 10 and 14 weeks; measles-rubella at 9-12 months.
Sanitation: use of toilets, safe disposal of faeces and safe drinking water prevent cholera, typhoid and worm infestation.
Menstrual hygiene: clean cloth or sanitary pad changed every 4-6 hours; unhygienic practices raise reproductive tract infection risk.
First aid: for burns cool with running water; for a choking child give back blows; do not give water to an unconscious person.
Anaemia: check haemoglobin, promote iron-rich foods (green leafy vegetables, jaggery, liver) with vitamin C to aid absorption.
Women and Child Welfare Schemes and Programmes
ICDS (1975) provides supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-ups, pre-school education and referral through Anganwadi centres.
POSHAN Abhiyaan (2018) targets reduction of stunting, undernutrition, anaemia and low birth weight through convergence and real-time monitoring.
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana gives a maternity benefit of ₹5,000 to eligible women for the first living child; the second child gets benefits under the revised norms.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015) addresses declining child sex ratio and promotes girls' education and survival.
Integrated Child Protection Scheme supports children in difficult circumstances via Childline (1098), child care institutions and foster care.
One Stop Centres and Mahila Helpline 181 support women facing violence; Ujjwala scheme provides free LPG connections.
MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment per rural household per year, with at least one-third of the work for women.
Anganwadi worker and helper roles: growth monitoring, nutrition counselling, pre-school activities and maintaining registers such as the growth chart.
Community Organisation and Social Work
Community organisation is a method of social work that helps people identify common needs and act collectively; it is a process, not a one-time event.
Steps in community organisation: study the community, identify needs, set priorities, plan, mobilise resources, implement, evaluate.
Principles: democratic participation, self-help, community ownership, use of local leadership and voluntary cooperation.
Community needs assessment tools: household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, transect walk, social mapping.
Social casework works with individuals and families; group work uses group dynamics for growth and mutual support.
Advocacy aims to influence policy and decision-makers; awareness generation uses street plays, wall writing, meetings and local media.
Convergence means coordinating departments such as health, education and ICDS so that services reach the same family together.
Documentation and monitoring: maintain records, registers and periodic reports; participatory monitoring by the community strengthens accountability.
Basic Computer Knowledge
Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone; output devices: monitor, printer, speaker, projector.
RAM is volatile working memory; ROM is non-volatile; storage devices include hard disk, pen drive and memory card.
Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find.
File extensions: .docx (Word), .xlsx (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint), .pdf (portable document), .jpg (image).
MS Excel: a cell reference such as B4 means column B, row 4; formulas begin with '='; SUM, AVERAGE, IF are common functions.
Internet basics: a browser (Chrome, Firefox) displays web pages; HTTP/HTTPS are protocols; URL is the web address.
Email fields: To (recipient), Cc (visible copy), Bcc (hidden copy), Subject (topic), Attachment (file sent with message).
Computer security: use strong passwords, antivirus software, log out of shared systems, and never share personal identification numbers or one-time passwords.