WB SET flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Formative vs summative assessment

Formative assessment happens during instruction and guides teaching decisions; summative assessment happens at the end of a unit or course and certifies the level of achievement reached.

Bloom's revised taxonomy order

The six cognitive levels in ascending order are Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate and Create. Question verbs such as 'classify' or 'critique' signal the level being tested.

Null hypothesis meaning

A statement that no difference or no relationship exists between variables. Statistical tests either reject it when sample evidence is unlikely under it, or retain it.

Type I versus Type II error

Type I error (alpha) rejects a true null hypothesis, a false positive. Type II error (beta) retains a false null hypothesis, a false negative. Power equals one minus beta.

Reliability versus validity

Reliability is consistency of measurement across occasions, forms or raters. Validity is whether the instrument measures the intended construct. Reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity.

True experimental design criteria

Three conditions must hold: manipulation of an independent variable, a control or comparison group, and random assignment of participants. Without random assignment the design is quasi-experimental.

Probability versus non-probability sampling

Probability sampling gives every unit a known chance of selection, so results generalise. Non-probability sampling, such as purposive or snowball, does not support statistical generalisation to a population.

Norm versus criterion referenced tests

Norm-referenced tests rank a candidate against peers. Criterion-referenced tests compare performance against a fixed standard, so every candidate can in principle pass or fail independently.

Undistributed middle fallacy

A syllogistic error in which the middle term is not distributed in either premise, so the premises fail to link the subject and predicate of the conclusion.

Syllogism distribution rule

Any term distributed in the conclusion must also be distributed in its premise. Violations produce the fallacies of illicit major or illicit minor, making the argument invalid.

Venn test for validity

Draw the premises as overlapping circles. If some arrangement makes all premises true and the conclusion false, the argument is invalid; if none exists, it is valid.

Reverse alphabet code

Letters are mapped to their mirror positions: A becomes Z, B becomes Y, and generally a letter at position n maps to position 27 minus n.

Left turn after facing north

Facing north, a left turn points you west; a right turn points you east. Track direction changes sequentially, since each turn is relative to the current facing, not the original.

Circular arrangement facing centre

When people face the centre of a circle, a person's left is clockwise and their right is anticlockwise from the observer's viewpoint. Reverse this when they face outward.

Assumption in statement logic

An assumption is unstated information necessary for a statement to be meaningful or reasonable. Options that merely restate the statement or add unrelated facts are not assumptions.

Analogy relation naming

Before choosing an option, name the exact relation in the stem pair, such as part-to-whole, cause-effect, worker-tool, or degree, and require the same relation in the answer.

Number series difference method

Compute successive differences; if constant, the series is arithmetic. If differences form a pattern, extend it. Otherwise test ratios, alternating sequences, or squares and cubes with offsets.

Blood relation tree notation

Represent each person as a node, join spouses horizontally and children vertically, and mark gender. Then read the required relationship directly from the diagram rather than from memory.

Reading comprehension distractor rule

An option that is factually true but not stated or implied in the passage is wrong. The correct answer must be defensible using only the passage text.

Author's tone signals

Tone is revealed by evaluative adjectives, adverbs and concession words such as 'although' or 'yet'. Neutral reporting signals an objective tone; loaded vocabulary signals criticism or approval.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly seats

The West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has 294 elected seats. The state was partitioned in 1947, and its present boundaries with Bihar and Odisha were settled in 1956.

Damodar Valley Corporation

Established in 1948, the DVC was India's first multipurpose river valley project, modelled on the Tennessee Valley Authority and covering flood control, irrigation, power and navigation.

Fundamental Duties amendment

Fundamental Duties were inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. They are listed in Article 51A.

Right to Education article

Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment in 2002, makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged six to fourteen years.

RBI establishment and nationalisation

The Reserve Bank of India began operations in 1935 under the RBI Act 1934 and was nationalised in 1949. It regulates currency, monetary policy and banking supervision.

Sundarbans World Heritage status

The Sundarbans, in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta of West Bengal and Bangladesh, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the world's largest mangrove forest, home to the Bengal tiger.

SI unit of luminous intensity

The candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity. The other six base units are metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin and mole.

Semi-conservative replication

In DNA replication each parental strand serves as a template, so every daughter molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesised strand.

WB SET paper structure

Paper I tests general teaching and research aptitude and reasoning and is common to all candidates. Paper II is subject-specific and contains 100 multiple-choice questions.

Negative marking strategy

Because wrong answers deduct marks, attempt a question only when at least one option can be eliminated with confidence; leave it blank when all options seem equally plausible.

Unit consistency check

Before computing a numerical answer, convert all quantities to SI units and confirm the formula's dimensions match the requested quantity. Most errors are unit mismatches, not arithmetic.

Stock versus flow variables

A stock is measured at a point in time, such as capital or wealth. A flow is measured over a period, such as income or investment. Confusing the two is a common exam trap.