WBBSE Madhyamik Modern Tibetan First Language key terms

A Tibetan syllable delimiter that helps identify written syllable boundaries without automatically marking every complete lexical word.

A vertical Tibetan punctuation mark delimiting an appropriate textual unit, whose function is interpreted through actual textual convention.

A headed Tibetan script style widely used in print, distinguished from cursive styles rather than from another language.

A systematic representation of Tibetan spelling with Roman letters, not a direct transcription of every modern regional pronunciation.

The main consonantal element of a written Tibetan syllable, distinguished from prefixes, superscripts and the following suffix.

A written consonantal element preceding the root in a permissible Tibetan syllable structure, not always separately pronounced in modern speech.

An orthographic consonant written above the root in a stack, distinguished from a vowel sign or a preceding prefix.

An orthographic element written below the root in a consonant stack, whose function is distinct from the vowel sign below.

A form linking a modifier or possessor to a following expression, with conventional written alternatives selected by the preceding ending.

A relational form used in appropriate constructions to mark an agent or means, requiring interpretation of the actual clause.

A traditional grouping of particles used in several relational constructions, not a promise of one identical English preposition everywhere.

The default vowel associated with a basic Tibetan consonant syllable when another written vowel sign has not replaced it.

An expression such as ལྟར that can make a comparison explicit in a suitable phrase rather than simply naming an object.

The voice presenting the narrative, which need not be identical to a speaking character or the historical author.

An extended heroic narrative tradition, distinguished from a spelling dictionary, a short private notice and a grammatical case label.

A life-story genre commonly associated with exemplary religious biography, whose actual account still requires contextual reading rather than assumed detail.

A respectful linguistic alternative selected according to the referent and social context, not an automatic embellishment for every self-reference.

The interpretation of a word supported by its surrounding construction, especially when one written form has several conventional meanings.

The main noun characterized by a modifier, possession relation or numeral, identified from the actual construction rather than English order alone.

The particular supplied wording or stated situation supporting an answer, distinguished from an invented continuation or an unseen prescribed chapter.