WBBSE Madhyamik First Language Santali flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadya passage first step

Identify which prescribed prose lesson the passage comes from before answering, because detail questions are tied to that lesson's printed text and sequence of events.

Speaker attribution question

For 'who said this' items, trace the dialogue markers and reporting verbs around the quoted line rather than inferring the speaker from the content of the statement alone.

Character trait answer pattern

Name the trait in one word, then cite the specific incident in the lesson that demonstrates it; a trait without textual support earns only partial credit in prose answers.

Author versus narrator

The writer of a prose lesson is not necessarily the 'I' of the text; when a question says 'according to the writer', answer from the authorial comment, not a character's view.

Sequence of events rule

Arrange events in the order they appear in the printed lesson, not in historical or logical order, since comprehension items follow the textbook's narrative sequence.

Simile versus metaphor

A simile marks the comparison with an explicit comparison word; a metaphor states the comparison directly without it. Presence or absence of the comparison word decides the label.

Anuprasa (alliteration)

Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words of a line. Identify it by reading aloud and noting the repeated opening sound across adjacent words.

Refrain in a poem

A line repeated at intervals, usually carrying the poem's emotional key. When asked for the theme, quote the refrain and link it to the message.

Personification (manobhab)

Attributing human feeling or action to a non-human thing, such as nature or an object. Name the device, quote the line, and explain the human quality granted.

Poetic device answer format

A full device answer has three parts: name the device, quote the exact line, and explain the effect it produces on meaning or mood in the poem.

Theme versus summary

A summary retells the scene; a theme states the human feeling or social message the scene conveys. Theme answers must generalise beyond the literal description.

Rhyme scheme check

Count syllables per line and mark the end sounds with letters; the repeating pattern of end sounds gives the rhyme scheme, which is then reported as a letter sequence.

Author-title pairing

Objective items frequently pair a prescribed author with a title. Keep a lesson-wise list of author, title, and a one-line context to answer these directly.

Title justification answer

Give two reasons drawn from plot events and one from the central theme; a single reason is insufficient for a 'the title is justified because' question.

Genre split in the textbook

Prose lessons are narrative or reflective; poems are lyric or descriptive. Genre questions are answered by this split, not by length or by the author's fame.

High-frequency objective detail

Character names, place names, and key objects in each lesson are the most tested objective details; memorise them lesson by lesson rather than as a general list.

Swara sandhi

A vowel meeting at a word boundary, where the final vowel of the first word combines with the initial vowel of the second. Identify the two vowels and the resulting single sound.

Byanjan sandhi

A consonant meeting at a word boundary, where the final consonant of the first word meets the initial sound of the second and changes accordingly. Name both original sounds and the result.

Samas type decision

Decide which member dominates the compound's meaning: the first, the second, or neither. That dominance decision fixes the samas type and the answer.

Karak identification rule

The case relation is determined by what the verb demands: doer, object, instrument, recipient, source, or locus. Read the verb first, then assign the karak.

Active to passive shift

Move the object into subject position, change the verb ending to the passive form, and keep the tense unchanged. The proposition must survive the transformation intact.

Direct to indirect speech

Shift pronouns to the reporter's viewpoint and adjust time and place words inside the reported clause, while keeping the reported proposition and its tense relation correct.

Sentence correction order

Check subject-verb agreement first, then the case marker, then word order. Most 'correct the sentence' errors in Santali sit in one of these three positions.

Idiom meaning rule

Idiom questions ask for the figurative sense, not the literal words. Answer with the meaning the idiom carries in Santali usage, then use it in a sentence if asked.

Synonym register check

Choose the near-equivalent that fits the sentence's register and collocation, not merely the first glossary match; two synonyms can differ in formality and in typical company.

One-word substitution method

Find the defining feature in the given phrase, then match it to the single Santali term that names that feature. The whole phrase must be replaceable by that one word.

Reduplication signal

A repeated base form usually signals emphasis, continuation, or distributiveness rather than a new lexical item. Treat the reduplicated pair as one unit of meaning.

Essay body paragraph unit

Each body paragraph carries one point plus one concrete example. Two points in one paragraph, or a point with no example, weakens organisation marks in composition.

Paragraph topic sentence

The first sentence states the single topic; the middle sentences support it; the last closes it. No new topic may enter midway through the paragraph.

Cohesive connectors in essays

Open paragraphs with connectors of addition, contrast, cause, or result. These markers make the argument's structure visible and are directly rewarded in organisation marks.

Formal letter components

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, closing, and signature. Each component occupies its prescribed position; omission costs format marks.

Notice format essentials

Institution name at the top, the word NOTICE, date, a heading, a body of two or three sentences, and the issuer's name with designation. Language is impersonal and future or imperative.