WBBSE Madhyamik Vocational Organised Retailing key terms

Retail trade carried out through licensed, registered outlets that follow standard systems for buying, pricing, billing and staff roles, rather than informal shops run without such structure.

Small, mostly family-run selling units such as kirana shops and street vendors that use informal records, flexible prices and few written procedures.

The defined shape of a store or selling channel, decided by size, product range, price level and service style, such as supermarket or specialty store.

A neighbourhood grocery shop selling daily staples in small quantities, often giving credit and home delivery to regular local customers.

A large self-service food and grocery store with trolleys, aisles and a central billing counter, typically offering lower prices through higher sales volume.

A very large store combining groceries with clothing, electronics and household goods under one roof, usually located outside crowded city centres with parking.

A small outlet open long hours, stocking a limited range of fast-moving daily items and snacks for quick purchases near homes or transport points.

A shop focusing on one narrow product category, such as footwear or spectacles, where staff give deep product advice and choice within that line.

A large multi-floor store divided into sections for clothing, cosmetics, home goods and more, each section managed separately but billed together.

Selling goods or services through websites and mobile apps, where orders are placed online and delivered to the buyer's address.

Selling that links physical stores, website and app so customers can buy, return or collect through whichever channel suits them.

An order placed online or by phone and picked up by the customer at a store counter, avoiding delivery charges and waiting time.

The help and attention a shopper receives before, during and after a purchase, including greeting, advice, billing and handling complaints.

Paying full attention to a customer, noting both words and tone, then confirming understanding by repeating the need back before acting.

A question that cannot be answered with yes or no and invites the customer to describe needs, such as asking what the purchase is for.

The formal process of recording a customer complaint, investigating it, offering a remedy and closing the case within a stated time.

Persuading a customer to choose a higher-priced or better-featured version of the item they already intend to buy.

Suggesting a related extra item that completes the main purchase, such as shoe polish with shoes or a case with a phone.

Planning and presenting the right goods, in the right quantity and price, at the right time so that they sell and earn profit.

The mix of product lines, brands, sizes and colours a store decides to keep, chosen to match local demand and available shelf space.

A group of related products managed together as one selling unit, such as biscuits or men's shirts, with its own sales targets.

Low-priced everyday products like soap, snacks and toothpaste that sell quickly and are repurchased often by households.

A unique code identifying one specific item by brand, size, colour or pack, used to track stock and price separately from similar items.

The period during which a product stays fit for sale and use if stored as instructed, printed as a best-before or expiry date.

A diagram showing exactly where each product goes on a shelf, how many facings it gets and at what height, so displays stay consistent.

The number of units of one product placed side by side at the front of a shelf, kept aligned so the display looks full and easy to read.

Using layout, lighting, colour, signage and window displays to attract shoppers and guide them towards products the store wants to sell.

A small stand, shelf strip or counter unit placed near the billing queue or beside a product to prompt an unplanned purchase.

A buy made on the spot without prior planning, often triggered by attractive placement near the till or at eye level.

The counter or terminal where the customer's items are scanned, the bill is calculated and payment is collected.

A printed pattern of lines or squares carrying a product code that a scanner reads to fetch the item name and price from the system.

The printed bill given to a customer listing items, quantities, prices, tax and total, which also serves as proof of purchase.

A tax document showing the seller's GSTIN, the buyer's details, taxable value, tax rate and tax amount for the goods sold.

A fixed sum of small notes and coins kept in the till at the start of a shift so that change can be given to customers.

Comparing the cash counted in the till at shift end with the system's recorded sales and the opening float to find any difference.

Settling a bill by swiping, dipping or tapping a debit or credit card on a terminal, with the customer entering a PIN or signing.

A mobile payment method in India where the customer scans a QR code or enters a virtual address to transfer money instantly from a bank account.

The total quantity of goods a store holds for sale, counted in units or value at a given date.

First in, first out: a stock rotation rule under which older stock is sold before newer stock so that perishable or dated goods do not expire.

The date after which a product must not be sold or used because its quality or safety can no longer be assured.

The stock quantity at which a fresh order is placed, set high enough to cover demand during the time a supplier takes to deliver.

The total time between raising a purchase order and the goods being received and shelved in the store.

A document prepared when a delivery arrives, recording the supplier, items, quantities received and any damage or short supply.

A physical tally of goods on shelves and in the storeroom, compared with system records to detect errors, damage or theft.

Loss of stock value caused by theft, shoplifting, damage, expiry or paperwork error, found by comparing records with physical stock.

The written rules stating within what period, in what condition and with what proof a sold item may be exchanged or refunded.

The unique registration number allotted to a business under India's Goods and Services Tax system, printed on tax invoices.

The law controlling weighing and measuring instruments used in trade, requiring verified scales and correct net quantity declarations on packs.

Practices that keep eatables free from contamination, including clean storage, pest control, correct temperature and trained handlers.

Steps such as keeping extinguishers charged, exits clear and staff trained to evacuate customers if a fire starts in the store.

A marked door or route kept unlocked and free of stored goods so people can leave quickly during fire or other danger.

Standard symbols and boards warning of hazards, showing escape routes or instructing on protective behaviour in the store.

Spotting a market need and setting up a venture to meet it, taking on financial risk and organising money, people and suppliers.

A written document setting out a venture's product, target customers, competition, costs, expected sales and funding needs.

Money needed for day-to-day running such as buying stock, paying wages and covering rent before sales income arrives.

The person responsible for choosing the range, setting prices and planning promotions for one product category to meet sales and profit targets.

A planned reduction in selling price, used to clear slow stock, match competitors or sell seasonal goods before they lose value.

The final stage of an online order, moving goods from a local hub or store to the customer's doorstep.

Selecting and gathering the exact items listed on a customer's order from shelves or a storeroom before packing.