WBCHSE HS Arabic flashcards
WBCHSE HS Arabic · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- الفكرة الرئيسية
- The main idea of an unseen passage. State it in one sentence naming the topic plus what the writer says about it; do not retell details.
- اقترح عنوانًا
- Suggest a title. A strong title is 2–4 words, names the passage's central topic, and avoids vague words like موضوع or شيء.
- معنى الكلمة في السياق
- Word meaning in context. Choose the sense that fits the surrounding sentence, not the dictionary's first sense; check the root for guidance.
- صح أم خطأ
- True or false item. Answer plus quote the supporting or contradicting phrase (نقل العبارة); an unquoted answer usually loses half the marks.
- أدوات الربط
- Connectors that signal passage logic: لكن/غير أن = contrast, لذلك = result, بالإضافة إلى = addition, عندما = time. They mark where answers sit.
- المبتدأ والخبر
- The nominal sentence's two pillars: المبتدأ is the topic and is مرفوع; الخبر is the predicate and is also مرفوع in the basic sentence.
- كان وأخواتها
- كان، أصبح، ظل، بات، صار، ليس. They keep اسمكان in the nominative and put خبركان in the accusative, reversing the basic nominal pattern.
- إنّ وأخواتها
- إنّ، أنّ، كأنّ، لكنّ، ليت، لعلّ. They set اسمإنّ in the accusative and keep خبرإنّ in the nominative - the mirror image of كان.
- الأفعال الخمسة
- Five present-tense forms: يفعلون، تفعلون، يفعلان، تفعلان، تفعلين. They keep نون الرفع unless preceded by لم, لا الناهية, or لام الأمر.
- الممنوع من الصرف
- A noun refusing tanwīn and taking فتحة instead of كسرة in the genitive, e.g. أحمد، فاطمة، مساجد. It regains full inflection when definite or مضاف.
- أوزان المصدر
- Masdar patterns by form: II تفعيل، III مفاعلة، IV إفعال، V تفعّل، VI تفاعل، VII انفعال، VIII افتعال، IX افعلال، X استفعال.
- اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول
- Active and passive participles. Form I gives فاعل and مفعول; Forms II–X prefix مـ and replace the final vowel with ــِ, e.g. مُستَفعَل.
- الإضافة
- A genitive construction: the first noun loses tanwīn and definiteness, the second (مضاف إليه) is genitive. In translation the second term comes first.
- الفعل والفاعل
- Arabic word order is verb–subject–object by default. The فاعل is always مرفوع and the verb agrees with it in gender, but not always in number.
- الترجمة: ترتيب الكلمات
- Arabic is VSO; Bengali and English are SVO. Reorder to subject-first before translating, or the target sentence reads unnaturally.
- أل التعريف في الترجمة
- The definite article is often generic and needs no article in Bengali or English: العلم نور = Knowledge is light, not The knowledge is the light.
- قد وسوف
- قد + past = already/has done; قد + present = may/perhaps; سـ or سوف + present = future. Mark the tense explicitly in the target language.
- المصدر في الترجمة
- The verbal noun often translates as an English gerund or a finite clause: قراءته الكتاب = his reading the book / that he read the book.
- الاسم الموصول
- الذي/التي/الذين introduce relative clauses translated as who, which, or that. If the target omits the relative word, keep the clause order unchanged.
- نقل الأعلام
- Proper nouns are transliterated, not translated: مكة = Mecca/মক্কা, بغداد = Baghdad/বাগদাদ, المتنبي = al-Mutanabbi. Never substitute a meaning.
- بنيو المقالة
- Essay skeleton: مقدمة of 2–3 lines, عرض of 2–3 paragraphs with examples, and خاتمة of 2–3 lines. Aim for 120–150 words total.
- الرسالة الرسمية
- Formal letter: open with حضرة السيد المدير المحترم and close with وتفضلوا بقبول فائق الاحترام. Body stays brief and polite.
- الرسالة الشخصية
- Personal letter: open with صديقي العزيز or عزيزي and close with صديقك المخلص plus your name. Tone is warm and conversational.
- أدوات التنظيم في المقالة
- Sequencing words that raise the writing band: أولًا، ثانيًا، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، علاوة على ذلك، في الختام. Use at least three per essay.
- جمع غير العاقل
- Non-human plurals take feminine singular agreement: الكتب مفيدة, not الكتب مفيدون. This is a frequent agreement error in composition.
- شرح الجملة
- Prose explanation format: give معنى الجملة, then الفكرة, then الأسلوب. Name the lesson and speaker before explaining the quoted line.
- سجع
- Rhymed prose: clause endings share a final sound, common in classical Arabic prose and the Qur'an. Name it and quote the matching endings.
- شرح البيت
- Poetry explanation format: معنى البيت, then الفكرة, then الصورة الفنية, then العاطفة. Quote the line, paraphrase it, and name one image.
- الصدر والعجز
- The two hemistichs of a بيت: الصدر is the first half-line and العجز is the second. Both usually share the same rhyme letter.
- الصورة الفنية
- The poetic image. Name the device - تشبيه, استعارة, كناية, طباق, جناس - and quote the exact words that create it.
- المعلقات
- Pre-Islamic odes, seven or ten in number, by poets such as Imru' al-Qays, Zuhayr, and Labid. They are the foundation of classical Arabic poetry.
- النقائض
- Poetic duels of the Umayyad era between جرير، الفرزدق، الأخطل: one poet praises his tribe and satirises the other's, answered in the same meter and rhyme.
- النهضة
- The modern Arabic literary revival from the nineteenth century, led by البارودي and شوقي and followed by the Mahjar school and free verse.