WBCHSE HS Arabic study materials
WBCHSE HS Arabic study resources

WBCHSE HS Arabic: Prescribed Poetry (Nazm) - Textual Understanding and Explanation

WBCHSE HS Arabic · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

All guide sections

Prescribed Poetry (Nazm) - Textual Understanding and Explanation

What the poetry question asks

You will be given one or two أبيات to explain, plus questions on theme, the poet's purpose, and rhetoric. A بيت has two halves - الصدر and العجز - joined by a rhyme whose final letter is the رويّ.

Steps for explaining a بيت

  1. Read sadr and ajuz as one sentence; the meaning usually runs across both.
  2. Paraphrase in plain prose Arabic - do not attempt verse.
  3. Name the figure of speech and state its effect.
  4. Identify the governing emotion or message: فخر، رثاء، حكمة، وصف، حماسة، غزل.

Rhetorical terms to recognise

  • تشبيه: explicit comparison with كـ، مثل، كأنّ.
  • استعارة: metaphor, a word used outside its literal sense.
  • طباق: pairing of opposites (نور/ظلام، حياة/موت).
  • جناس: similar-sounding words of different meaning.
  • كناية: indirect allusion.

Worked example

«العلمُ نورٌ والجهالةُ ظُلمةٌ» Explanation: يصف الشاعر العلم بأنه نور يهدي صاحبه، ويصف الجهل بأنه ظلمة تُضلّ الإنسان؛ فالمعنى أن العلم سبيل الهداية والجهل سبيل الضلال. Rhetoric: بين «نور» و«ظلمة» طباق، وفي «العلم نور» استعارة تصريحية، وهي تزيد المعنى وضوحًا وتقرّبه إلى الذهن. Reasoning: paraphrase first, device named in Arabic, function stated - three separate marks.

Traps

  • Explaining the sadr and silently skipping the ajuz.
  • Confusing تشبيه with استعارة: the presence of كـ/مثل/كأنّ marks a simile.
  • Ignoring the metre (بحر) when asked; common ones are الطويل، البسيط، الكامل، الرمل، المتقارب.
  • Attributing verses to the wrong poet.