WBCHSE HS Biological Science study guide
WBCHSE HS Biological Science · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The WBCHSE Higher Secondary Biological Science course is the Class XII biology subject offered under the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, usually taught in Bengali or English and examined in the language of instruction. It is taken by science-stream students who have completed Class XI and who need a biology qualification for university admission in life sciences, agriculture, nursing, pharmacy, medicine-adjacent pathways, or for competitive examinations. The WBCHSE HS Biological Science study guide has 11 sections and about 3,853 words.
01Cell Biology and Cell Division
Cell Biology and Cell Division examines how cells are built and how they reproduce. The exam tests organelle structure–function links, membrane organisation, the cell cycle, and the differences between mitosis and meiosis, including chromosome counting.
352 words, about 2 min02Biomolecules and Enzymes
Biomolecules and Enzymes tests the chemistry of life: monomers and polymers, confirmatory tests, protein structure, and the kinetics and control of enzyme action. Carbohydrates: glucose and fructose are monosaccharides; sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose and maltose are disaccharides; starch, glycogen and cellulose are polysaccharides.
366 words, about 2 min03Genetics and Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Genetics and Molecular Basis of Inheritance covers Mendelian inheritance and its extensions, linkage and sex determination, and the molecular flow of information from DNA to protein, including mutation and gene regulation. Law of dominance and segregation: a monohybrid cross of heterozygotes gives 3:1 phenotype and 1:2:1 genotype; a test cross gives 1:1.
356 words, about 2 min04Plant Physiology (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Transport, Plant Growth)
Plant Physiology tests how plants capture energy, respire, move water and minerals, and regulate growth through hormones and environmental signals. Overall: 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O.
367 words, about 2 min05Animal Physiology (Nutrition, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Nervous and Endocrine Coordination, Locomotion)
Animal Physiology tests how the human body obtains and distributes materials, removes wastes, coordinates responses and moves. Questions often link structure to function and to homeostasis.
382 words, about 2 min06Reproduction and Developmental Biology
Reproduction and Developmental Biology covers gamete formation, pollination and fertilisation in plants, human reproduction and the menstrual cycle, and the early stages of development. A stamen has an anther and filament; a carpel has stigma, style and ovary.
357 words, about 2 min07Evolution and Adaptation
Evolution and Adaptation tests the evidence for evolution, the mechanisms that change allele frequencies, and the adaptations organisms show to their environments. Chemical evolution is associated with Oparin and Haldane; the Miller–Urey experiment produced amino acids from simple gases.
337 words, about 2 min08Ecology
Ecology tests how organisms interact with each other and with their environment, how energy and matter move through ecosystems, and how populations and communities change. Organisation runs from organism to population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere.
325 words, about 2 min09Environment and Biodiversity Conservation
Environment and Biodiversity Conservation tests pollution and its control, global change, the levels and value of biodiversity, threats to species, and conservation strategies used in India and internationally. Air pollutants include SO2 and NOx, which cause acid rain below pH 5.6; CO binds haemoglobin; particulates damage lungs.
344 words, about 2 min10Biology and Human Welfare (Health, Disease, Microbes, Biotechnology Applications)
Biology and Human Welfare tests pathogens and disease, immunity and vaccines, the industrial uses of microbes, and the tools and applications of biotechnology. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, transmitted by female Anopheles; dengue by a virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti; tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; typhoid by Salmonella typhi and diagnosed by the Widal test; AIDS by HIV and detected by ELISA.
345 words, about 2 min11Practical Skills, Laboratory Techniques and Data Interpretation
Practical Skills, Laboratory Techniques and Data Interpretation tests whether you can use instruments correctly, choose reagents and techniques, and draw valid conclusions from measurements. Total magnification = eyepiece magnification × objective magnification.
322 words, about 2 min