WBCHSE HS Biological Science study plan

Draw and label a nephron, a cardiac cycle pressure-volume sketch, and an alveolus-capillary exchange diagram from memory, then self-correct against your textbook

Explain counter-current multiplication and the role of ADH in urine concentration in a written paragraph without notes

Compare the conducting versus respiratory portions of the airway and state where gas exchange actually occurs

List the events of the cardiac cycle with the valves open or closed in each phase, and relate them to the ECG waves

Solve 15 numerical problems on cardiac output, glomerular filtration rate and oxygen-carrying capacity

Build a one-page table matching each digestive enzyme to its substrate, site of action and optimum pH

Trace a nerve impulse from receptor to effector, naming ion channels and the refractory period at each step

Distinguish saltatory from continuous conduction and explain why myelin changes conduction velocity

Map the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis to their target organs and one disorder of excess and one of deficiency for each

Describe the sliding filament mechanism using the cross-bridge cycle with ATP hydrolysis steps

Compare skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle on structure, control and fatigue

Sketch a sarcomere in relaxed and contracted states and label bands, zones and lines

Solve dihybrid and test-cross problems for F1, F2 ratios, and predict phenotypes for linked and unlinked genes

Work through pedigree charts to determine mode of inheritance and justify each conclusion

Explain the Meselson-Stahl experiment and the semi-conservative replication evidence in your own words

Describe transcription, post-transcriptional processing and translation step by step with the enzymes involved

Distinguish the three types of RNA by structure, synthesis site and function

Outline the stages of mitosis and meiosis and state one cytological event unique to each phase

Draw the Z-scheme of light reactions and label photosystems, electron carriers and the ATP/NADPH products

Compare C3, C4 and CAM pathways on first product, anatomy and water-use efficiency

Explain the Calvin cycle with its three phases and the enzymes that regulate it

Write the net equation and ATP yield of aerobic respiration, distinguishing glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Compare aerobic respiration with fermentation and state where each occurs in a cell

Classify enzymes by mode of action and explain Michaelis-Menten kinetics, competitive and non-competitive inhibition with graphs

Explain transpiration pull, cohesion-tension and root pressure, and rank their relative contribution to water movement

Interpret a potometer experiment and identify the variables that must be controlled

Describe mineral ion uptake and the role of mycorrhizae and root hair adaptations

List plant growth regulators with their site of synthesis, transport and one promoting and one inhibiting effect each

Explain photoperiodism, vernalization and seed dormancy with an example for each

Compare male and female gametogenesis in humans and map the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Trace fertilisation, cleavage, gastrulation and implantation in order with the germ layer derivatives

Explain the structure and function of the placenta and the hormones it secretes

Distinguish the evidence for evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular data

Apply Hardy-Weinberg to calculate allele and genotype frequencies in two worked problems

Explain natural selection, genetic drift, founder effect and bottleneck with a concrete example each

Describe one adaptation in plants and one in animals to a specific stress and state the selective pressure

Define population, community and ecosystem and explain energy flow and the 10% law with a worked food-chain calculation

Compare the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and name the organisms driving each step

Explain biodiversity hotspots, in-situ versus ex-situ conservation and one Indian case study

Classify diseases by pathogen type and describe transmission, symptoms and prevention for tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and AIDS

Explain the principles of vaccination and one biotechnological application each in medicine and agriculture

Describe PCR, gel electrophoresis and recombinant DNA steps in correct sequence

Write the procedure, principle and expected observation for 10 core practicals from memory

Interpret given data tables and graphs: calculate means, identify trends and state one limitation

Identify common lab apparatus and state one safety rule for each

Complete two full-length timed mock papers and log every error by domain

Re-study only the domains where mock accuracy fell below 70 percent

Recite the key numerical constants and formulae you need under exam conditions