WBCHSE HS Gujarati (First Language) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

સારાંશ (summary) length rule

A summary of an unseen passage should be about one-third of the original length, keeping the topic sentence and two or three key supporting points while dropping examples and repetition.

Inference question test

An inference answer must be derivable from the passage alone. If the option requires outside knowledge or adds a cause the passage never states, it is wrong.

Pronoun reference resolution

For items asking what તે or આ refers to, choose the nearest preceding noun that agrees in gender and number with the pronoun, then confirm the sentence still makes sense.

Title selection rule

The best title covers the whole passage. Reject titles that fit only one paragraph (too narrow) or extend beyond the passage's scope (too broad).

પ્રસ્તાવના-વિચારવિસ્તાર-ઉપસંહાર

The standard three-part Gujarati essay structure: introduction stating the topic, two or three body paragraphs each with one idea and example, and a conclusion that restates the position without new material.

Formal letter elements

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject line, salutation, two or three body paragraphs, closing, signature and name. A missing subject line loses format marks.

Report writing 5W1H lead

A report's opening paragraph answers what, who, when, where, why and how, uses past tense and third person, and the report ends with the reporter's name.

Paragraph unity rule

A paragraph develops exactly one controlling idea: a topic sentence first, supporting sentences with detail, and a closing sentence. No headings or bullet points are used.

ઉપમા અલંકાર

A simile, marked in Gujarati by comparison words such as જેવું, સમ or જેવો. Two unlike things are compared explicitly, and the comparison word must be present.

રૂપક અલંકાર

A metaphor: an implied comparison with no comparison word. The image is asserted as identical with the subject rather than said to be like it.

Theme answer structure

State the theme in one sentence, then support it with two separate textual moments, quoting or closely paraphrasing each. A moral statement alone earns only partial credit.

Title justification method

Explain the title's literal meaning first, then show its symbolic or thematic relevance by linking it to the central idea and at least one key incident.

Story versus plot

Story is the chronological sequence of events; plot is the arranged narrative order with causes and emphasis. Questions about placement of a scene target plot.

Drama conflict analysis

Name the opposing forces, classify the conflict as person versus person, society or self, and identify the turning point where the outcome becomes inevitable.

Character arc evidence

Describe the before-state, the catalyst that changes the character, and the after-state, giving textual evidence for each stage rather than a general impression.

સર્વજ્ઞ વર્ણનકર્તા

An omniscient narrator knows and reports the thoughts and feelings of all characters. Contrast with a limited narrator who reports only what one character perceives.

કારક (case) roles

Gujarati recognises કર્તા (subject), કર્મ (object), કરણ (instrument), સંપ્રદાન (recipient), અપાદાન (source), સંબંધ (relation), અધિકરણ (location) and સંબોધન (address).

Postposition and case link

Postpositions follow the noun and determine case: ને for object, થી or દ્વારા for instrument, માટે for purpose, માં or પર for location, તરફ for direction.

Gujarati word order

The unmarked sentence order is Subject–Object–Verb. Adjectives precede their nouns and postpositions follow them; deviations are stylistic rather than ungrammatical.

સમાસ types

Compound types are તત્પુરુષ, દ્વંદ્વ, બહુવ્રીહિ, કર્મધારય and દ્વિગુ. The type is decided by which member carries the head meaning.

Tense agreement error

A common error-spotting target is a past-tense main clause paired with a present-tense subordinate clause. Check tense consistency across the whole sentence before other features.

સંધિ identification

Sandhi is the merging of two words at a boundary: સ્વર સંધિ joins vowels, વ્યંજન સંધિ joins consonants, and વિસર્ગ સંધિ involves a final visarga.

Synonym register check

A correct synonym must match the passage's register as well as its meaning. A literary synonym is wrong where the surrounding text is colloquial or technical.

Antonym prefix patterns

Many Gujarati antonyms are formed with prefixes such as અ-, નિ-, દુર્- and વિ-. Verify that the negated form is an actual Gujarati word before selecting it.

Vocabulary-in-context substitution

Replace the target word with each option and read the whole sentence. The correct option must fit both the grammar and the overall sense of the sentence.

એક શબ્દમાં substitutions

These items test fixed phrases that replace a description with one word, such as a person who knows everything or one who speaks very little. Learn them as fixed pairs.

આંખનો તારો

Literally 'the star of the eye'; idiomatically it means a person who is extremely dear to someone, treated as the apple of one's eye.

ચાર ચાંદ લગાવવા

Literally 'to add four moons'; idiomatically it means to add glory or prestige to something, heightening its honour or splendour.

Idiom versus proverb

An idiom is a fixed phrase used inside a sentence and does not stand alone; a proverb is a complete sentence of folk wisdom carrying a moral.

Proverb paraphrase rule

A paraphrase of a proverb must preserve the moral lesson. The concrete image may be replaced with another, but changing the lesson makes the answer wrong.

Idiom sentence task

When asked to use an idiom in a sentence, keep its form unchanged and build a context in which the figurative meaning is unmistakable from the situation described.

Negative question handling

For 'which is NOT stated' items, test every option against the passage and choose the one with no textual support, rather than the first plausible-sounding option.