WBCHSE HS Hindi (First Language) flashcards
WBCHSE HS Hindi (First Language) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Bharat Mata essay theme
- The essay treats the nation as a mother figure, arguing that patriotism means service to the country's people and culture rather than mere slogans or political display.
- Bhav versus Shilp
- Bhav is the idea or emotional content of a prose lesson; shilp is its craft - sentence structure, tone, imagery, and rhetorical devices. Examiners may ask for either separately.
- Sanskriti ka Mulyankan
- A critical essay weighing a culture by its ethical and spiritual achievements rather than material wealth; the argument is evaluative, comparing civilisations on values, not technology.
- Nashaa lesson
- A prose piece on addiction that treats it as a social and moral problem, tracing how habit erodes willpower, family life, and responsibility rather than presenting it as a private failing.
- Yuvajanon se address
- A direct-address essay urging the young to adopt discipline, self-reliance, and national duty; its persuasive tone is carried by imperatives and second-person address.
- Gadya quotation rule
- Quote at most one short line and attribute it to the lesson; a long misquoted passage loses more marks than an accurate paraphrase of the same idea.
- Vyakhya structure
- Four steps in order: literal meaning of the lines, implied sentiment, poetic device used, and a closing link to the poem's central theme.
- Upama alankara
- A simile: one thing is compared to another of a different kind using words such as 'sa', 'jyon', or 'jaise'. The comparison is explicit, unlike rupak.
- Rupak alankara
- A metaphor: the compared object is directly identified with the image, with no word of comparison. Saying the moon is a lamp, not like one, is rupak.
- Anuprasa alankara
- Alliteration: repetition of the same consonant sound in nearby words, producing musical effect. Identify by the repeated consonant, not by repeated meaning.
- Doha chhand
- A couplet of two lines, each with 13 and 11 matras respectively; the second line usually completes the thought. Common in Kabir and Tulsidas.
- Chaupai chhand
- A four-line stanza with rhyming pairs and roughly 16 matras per line, used in narrative poetry such as the Ramcharitmanas. Count matras to confirm.
- Nirguna versus Saguna bhakti
- Nirguna devotion addresses a formless, attribute-less God, as in Kabir; saguna devotion worships a deity with form and qualities, as in Sur and Tulsidas.
- Karuna rasa
- The sentiment of compassion and grief, evoked by suffering, separation, or loss. Name it and justify with one concrete image from the poem.
- Kavi-parichay answer
- A poet introduction giving name, literary period (Adikal, Bhaktikal, Ritikal, Adhunik), chief works, and one signature feature of the poet's style.
- Katha-vastu
- The plot of a story: the sequence of events linked by cause and effect, from the opening situation through conflict to resolution. Distinct from theme and setting.
- Bahuvrihi samasa
- A compound naming a possessor rather than either member: 'lambodar' means one having a long belly, i.e., Ganesha. Neither 'lamb' nor 'udar' is the thing denoted.
- Dvandva samasa
- A coordinate compound in which both members carry equal weight and could be joined by 'aur': 'mata-pita' means mother and father. Both members denote the compound's referent.
- Karmavachya transformation
- Passive voice: the object becomes subject, the verb becomes a past participle plus a form of 'jaana', and the agent takes 'ke dwara' or is dropped.
- Mishra vakya
- A complex sentence with one main clause and at least one subordinate clause introduced by conjunctions such as 'jo', 'jab', 'kyonki', or 'yadi'.
- Sanyukt vakya
- A compound sentence joining two independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions such as 'aur', 'parantu', 'isliye', or 'athva'. Neither clause is subordinate.
- Taddhit pratyaya
- A suffix that forms a new word from a noun or adjective, such as -ta, -tva, -iya, -ik, or -in, producing abstract nouns and relational adjectives.
- Krit pratyaya
- A suffix that forms a noun or adjective directly from a verbal root, such as -ak, -an, -ti, or -na, giving action nouns and agent nouns.
- Vismayadibodhak vakya
- An exclamatory sentence expressing wonder, joy, or shock, marked in Hindi by words such as 'wah', 'kitna', 'kya', and by an exclamation mark.
- Muhavara meaning
- An idiom whose sense cannot be derived from its literal words; answer by giving the figurative meaning and one sentence showing correct contextual use.
- Nibandh three-part plan
- Introduction stating the thesis, body of three to four paragraphs each developing one point, and conclusion restating the position without adding new arguments.
- Samasyamulak nibandh
- A problem-solution essay: it defines a current issue such as pollution or unemployment, analyses causes, and proposes practical remedies before concluding.
- Aupcharik patra elements
- A formal letter carries sender's address, date, receiver's designation, a subject line, formal salutation, body, and signature. Informal letters omit the subject line.
- Suchna lekhan
- A notice: a short formal announcement under about fifty words covering what, when, where, who, and why, often with a heading and issuing authority.
- Anuchhed writing rule
- A paragraph of eighty to one hundred words developing one controlling idea, without bullet points, and ending on a sentence that closes rather than introduces.
- Shirshak selection
- The title must cover the whole passage's theme, not merely its first example or last sentence; test each candidate title against every paragraph.
- Contextual word meaning
- For an unseen passage, substitute the offered meaning back into the original sentence; if the sentence still makes sense, the meaning is correct.