WBCHSE HS Health and Physical Education key terms

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or weakness, in which a person can cope with everyday demands and function productively.

Planned instruction through physical activity that develops movement skills, fitness, teamwork and healthy habits, aiming at the whole-person growth of the learner rather than only athletic performance.

A person's active, deliberate effort to improve health across physical, mental, emotional and social dimensions through daily choices such as exercise, diet, sleep and stress control.

A measurable increase in body size, weight and tissue mass, produced by cell multiplication and enlargement; it is quantitative and continues until maturity is reached.

Progressive change in the structure and function of body systems and in skills and behaviour, such as improved coordination, reasoning and emotional control, occurring in an orderly sequence over time.

The transitional stage between childhood and adulthood, roughly from 10 to 19 years, marked by a growth spurt, sexual maturation and rapid emotional and social change.

The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigour and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with enough reserve energy to enjoy leisure and meet emergencies.

A screening measure obtained by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of height in metres; values are compared with age-appropriate ranges to classify underweight, normal, overweight and obesity.

A daily food pattern supplying all required nutrients, energy, fibre and water in correct proportion and quantity for a person's age, sex and activity level, with variety from every food group.

A nutrient needed in large amounts to supply energy or build tissue, namely carbohydrate, protein and fat; each has a distinct energy value per gram and a specific body function.

A vitamin or mineral required in small quantities that yields no energy but supports metabolism, immunity, growth and tissue repair; deficiency causes specific disorders.

The energy a body expends at complete rest to maintain breathing, circulation, temperature and cell activity, measured under standard conditions and forming the largest part of daily energy use.

Immediate, temporary care given to an injured or suddenly ill person using available materials until professional medical help arrives, aimed at preserving life and preventing worsening.

A life-saving procedure combining repeated chest compressions, and rescue breaths where trained, to keep blood circulating and oxygen moving when a person's heart and breathing have stopped.

A safe side-lying posture for an unconscious but breathing casualty that keeps the airway open and lets fluids drain from the mouth, reducing the risk of choking.

First-aid routine for soft-tissue injury: rest the part, apply ice, compress with a bandage and elevate the limb, to limit swelling, pain and further damage in the first 48 hours.

An injury in which ligaments around a joint are overstretched or torn by a sudden twist, producing pain, swelling and restricted movement without displacement of the bones.

A break or crack in a bone caused by direct force, twisting or weakened bone, recognised by deformity, severe pain, swelling and loss of function; it must be immobilised and referred for medical care.

An illness caused by a pathogen such as a bacterium, virus or parasite that can pass from an infected person, animal or source to another person directly or through vectors.

A long-lasting condition not spread between people, arising from genetic, behavioural and environmental factors; common examples are diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and cancer.

The process of making a person resistant to a disease, usually by vaccination that prompts the body to produce antibodies and memory cells against a specific pathogen.

Personal and environmental practices such as handwashing, bathing, safe water, clean food handling and waste disposal that prevent infection and maintain health in daily life.

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a minute, calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume; it rises during exercise to meet the muscles' demand for oxygen.

The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle in a single beat; endurance training enlarges the heart's chambers and increases this value, so a trained person pumps more blood per beat.

The largest volume of air a person can exhale after the deepest possible inhalation; it reflects lung and chest function and is generally larger in trained athletes and taller individuals.

The extra oxygen consumed after strenuous exercise, above resting level, to restore the body's oxygen stores and clear lactic acid built up during anaerobic work.

A by-product formed when glucose is broken down without sufficient oxygen during intense effort; its accumulation in muscle is linked to burning sensation and early fatigue.

A short preparatory phase of light activity and stretching before training or competition that raises muscle temperature, blood flow and joint mobility and lowers injury risk.

Gentle activity and stretching performed after exercise to return heart rate and breathing gradually to resting levels and to help remove metabolic waste from muscles.

The capacity to sustain activity for a long period by resisting fatigue; it depends on heart, lung and muscle efficiency and is developed by continuous and interval training.

The training rule that a body system improves only when made to work harder than its present habit, achieved by increasing frequency, intensity, time or type of exercise progressively.

In football, an attacking player's position is offside when nearer the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last defender at the moment a teammate plays the ball, unless exempt by rule.

Controlling and moving the ball with small touches while running, used in football, basketball and hockey to beat opponents and keep possession under pressure.

The official who controls a match, applies the rules, keeps time and score, and whose decisions on play are final; assistants support with sidelines, goals and specific infringements.

A steady, comfortable yoga posture practised with controlled breathing to build strength, flexibility, balance and body awareness, forming the physical limb of classical yoga.

The yogic practice of regulating the breath through slow, rhythmic inhalation, retention and exhalation to calm the nervous system, improve lung function and steady the mind.

A condition whose risk is strongly shaped by daily habits such as poor diet, inactivity, smoking and stress; examples include type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Excess body fat accumulation that harms health, commonly assessed by BMI above the age-appropriate cut-off; it raises the risk of diabetes, hypertension and joint problems.

The internal or external drive that arouses, directs and sustains behaviour toward a goal; in sport it influences effort, persistence and choice of activity.

An unpleasant emotional state of worry and tension, with raised heart rate and muscle tightness, which before competition may either impair or, at moderate levels, aid performance.

The technique of defining specific, measurable, achievable targets, preferably process and performance goals, to focus attention, build confidence and sustain motivation in training.

Conduct that shows fairness, respect for opponents, officials and rules, and grace in both victory and defeat, whether or not any official is watching.

The use of banned performance-enhancing substances or methods, contrary to anti-doping rules; it harms health, breaks fair play and can bring suspension and loss of medals.