Rules, Officiating and Fundamental Skills of Games and Sports
This section covers rules, officiating and fundamental skills. The exam tests correct match facts, officials' signals and basic technical actions of major games, so learn the numbers that distinguish one game from another.
Core match facts
- Football: 11 players per side, two 45-minute halves, penalty kick from 11 m, goal 7.32 m by 2.44 m. The referee controls the match; assistant referees signal offside and throw-in direction.
- Volleyball: 6 players on court, rally scoring to 25 points in sets 1-4 and 15 in set 5, win by 2, maximum three touches. Net height is 2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women.
- Basketball: 5 players; FIBA games use four 10-minute quarters and a 24-second shot clock; a field goal beyond the arc is worth 3 points.
- Kabaddi: 7 players, two 15-minute halves, raid completed within 30 seconds.
- Badminton: best of three games to 21 points, win by 2, capped at 30.
Fundamental skills
Football: passing, trapping, dribbling, shooting. Volleyball: serve, pass, set, spike, block. Basketball: dribbling, passing, shooting, rebounding. Kabaddi: raiding, cant, dodging, tackling.
Worked example
A volleyball set is 24-24. A team wins the next point. Has it won the set? Reasoning: volleyball requires a two-point lead, so 25-24 is not enough. Play continues until one side leads by two, for example 26-24. The trap is applying a 25-point cap: the 25-point target does not end a set at 25-24.
Traps
Do not use NBA quarter length for FIBA. Do not say volleyball sets end at 21. Do not confuse the football penalty distance with other marks. Do not give kabaddi 11 players. Learn officials' primary signals rather than guessing.