InView key terms

A group of items that share at least one common feature, so that new items can be placed in it on the basis of that shared feature rather than on memorised lists.

The relation that holds when an item belongs to a group because it satisfies that group's defining features. Classification items test whether a given word fits the group or does not.

The broader, more general word that names a whole group, such as vehicle for cars and trucks. Items often ask which option is the general label that covers the others.

A classification task in which all but one option share a feature; the candidate must select the option that fails the shared criterion and justify the choice.

The feature that a word's meaning requires, such as having four equal sides for a square, as opposed to an incidental feature like colour or size that only some members happen to have.

A wrong answer choice written to look plausible: it may fit part of the rule, fit a different rule, or resemble a correct answer in sound or spelling without meeting the actual criterion.

The meaning-based link between two words, such as part to whole, cause to effect, or one degree to a stronger degree. Analogy items are solved by naming this link precisely.

A short sentence that states the link between the first pair, for example a finger is part of a hand, which is then tested against each answer pair.

The order in which a relationship runs, from first word to second. Reversing it, as in whole-to-part instead of part-to-whole, makes an otherwise similar pair wrong.

A link in which the first word names a piece or component and the second names the larger thing containing it, as page is to book or wheel is to car.

A link in which one word names an object and the other names what the object is used for, as scalpel is to cutting or key is to unlocking.

A link in which two words name the same quality at different strengths, as warm is to hot; the second word is usually the more intense member of the pair.

A link in which the two words mean opposite or strongly opposed things, as generous is to stingy. The chosen answer pair must show the same kind of opposition.

A link in which the two words mean nearly the same thing, as begin is to start. Answer pairs must match on near-sameness and not on some unrelated relation.

A link in which the first word names what produces a result and the second names the result, as drought is to famine or spark is to fire.

A row of pictures in which each frame is produced from the previous one by applying a rule; the candidate must choose the frame that correctly continues the rule.

The specific operation or set of operations that turns one frame of a series into the next, such as adding a dot, shading a region, or turning a shape ninety degrees.

A series built from two rules that take turns, so odd-numbered frames follow one pattern and even-numbered frames follow another; missing frames must respect the correct strand.

A fixed amount added at each step, whether a count of shapes, a number of degrees of turn, or a number of sides. Spotting a constant increment usually reveals the rule.

Turning a figure about a fixed point by a stated angle, clockwise or counter-clockwise. The shape itself does not change; only its orientation does.

Flipping a figure across a line so that it becomes a mirror image. Left and right swap while the shape keeps its size, which distinguishes reflection from rotation.

A rule in which each frame gains or loses a component, such as an extra dot, line, or shaded region, often in a regular count that the candidate must continue.

A rule-governed change applied to a figure to produce another figure: turning, flipping, resizing, recolouring, or adding and removing parts. Figural analogies are built from such changes.

Matching the features of one figure to the corresponding features of another, so the same change is applied to the same feature, such as outer shape to outer shape.

A change in how large a figure or one of its parts is drawn, often doubling or halving, while shape and orientation stay the same. The answer pair must show consistent scaling.

A change in which filled and unfilled regions swap, so a black shape becomes white and a white shape becomes black. It is one of the commonest single-feature transformations in figural items.

A change in which one component is replaced by a different component playing the same role, such as a triangle replacing a square while position and size hold steady.

A change in where a figure or part sits relative to the frame or to other parts, such as moving from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner.

A list of numbers in which each term is generated from earlier terms by a rule; the candidate must find that rule and supply the next or missing term.

A number series that changes by the same added amount at every step, as 4, 7, 10, 13. The constant difference is the whole rule.

A number series in which each term is multiplied by the same factor, as 3, 6, 12, 24. Look for it when the gaps grow instead of staying constant.

The arithmetic instruction that produces each term from the previous one or ones, possibly mixing operations such as multiply by two, then add one.

A comparison of two quantities by division, telling how many times one contains the other. Ratio items often ask for the missing value that keeps the same comparison.

A rate expressed per single unit, such as cost per item or kilometres per hour, obtained by dividing one quantity by the other. It makes comparisons between different-sized cases possible.

Finding a close-enough answer by rounding or by reasoning about size instead of computing exactly. Quantitative items sometimes reward the reasonable estimate rather than the exact figure.

Stating the rule that fits every term rather than only the terms shown, so that any term, including a distant one, can be produced or predicted.