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Oak, maple, and birch are all trees, so the class is broadleaf trees. Elm is also a tree, while tulip and rose are flowering plants and fern is a non-flowering plant.
Hammer, saw, and wrench are hand tools used to do manual work. A screwdriver is also a hand tool, but a nail and a hinge are hardware and lumber is building material.
Triangle, square, and pentagon are polygons named by the number of straight sides. A hexagon is also a polygon, while a cube is a solid, a circle is curved, and a line is not a closed figure.
Thermometer, barometer, and anemometer are instruments that measure weather conditions. A hygrometer also measures a weather condition, humidity, while the other options measure length, direction, or distant objects.
Sonnet, haiku, and limerick are forms of poetry defined by structure and line patterns. An ode is also a poem, whereas a novel, an essay, and a biography are prose works.
Kangaroo, koala, and wombat are marsupials, mammals that carry young in a pouch. An opossum is also a marsupial, while an elephant is a placental mammal, a penguin is a bird, and a turtle is a reptile.
Ounce, pound, and ton are units used to measure weight or mass. A gram is also a unit of mass, while an inch measures length, a liter measures volume, and an hour measures time.
Wary, circumspect, and guarded all describe a cautious attitude toward possible danger. Leery means suspicious or cautious, while reckless, bold, and hasty describe actions taken without caution.
Pride names a group of lions, gaggle a group of geese, and murder a group of crows. Parliament is the collective noun for a group of owls, while senate, council, and congress are governing bodies rather than standard animal collectives.
Ephemeral, transient, and fleeting all mean lasting for only a very short time. Evanescent means quickly fading or vanishing, while permanent, enduring, and lasting mean the opposite.
Oboe, bassoon, and clarinet are woodwind instruments: each produces sound when air vibrates inside or across a tube. The flute is also a woodwind, while the trumpet is brass, the violin is a string instrument, and the timpani are percussion.
Stroll, saunter, and amble all describe unhurried walking, often without a fixed destination. Ramble carries the same relaxed, wandering sense, whereas sprint and dash imply rapid running and march suggests purposeful, measured steps.
Tennis, squash, and badminton are racket sports: each is played by striking a ball or shuttlecock with a racket. Racquetball belongs to that class, while field hockey uses sticks, cricket uses a bat, and golf uses clubs.
Brass, bronze, and steel are alloys, meaning they are made by melting and mixing a metal with other elements. Pewter is also an alloy, chiefly tin with small amounts of copper and antimony; copper, iron, and aluminum are elemental metals.
Shale, limestone, and sandstone are sedimentary rocks formed from compressed sediment or precipitated minerals. Chalk is also sedimentary, made largely of microscopic shell debris; granite and basalt are igneous, and marble is metamorphic.
Allegro, adagio, and presto are tempo markings that tell a performer how fast to play. Largo is also a tempo marking, meaning slow and broad; forte concerns volume, while legato and staccato concern articulation.
Alanine, glycine, and valine are amino acids, the monomer units that link to form proteins. Leucine is another amino acid; glucose, sucrose, and fructose are sugars, not protein building blocks.
Scalpel, forceps, and retractor are surgical instruments used in the operating field. A hemostat is also a surgical clamp used to control bleeding; stethoscopes, otoscopes, and sphygmomanometers are diagnostic devices used outside the sterile field.
Eponym, acronym, and portmanteau name ways in which new words are formed or named. Clipping is another word-formation process, as when 'gymnasium' becomes 'gym'; metaphor, simile, and hyperbole are figures of speech, not word-formation types.
Plaintive, wistful, and melancholy all convey a subdued, sorrowful emotional tone. Lugubrious means mournful or gloomy in an exaggerated way, so it fits the class; effervescent and sanguine suggest cheer or optimism, and irascible means quick-tempered.
Carrot, parsnip, and beet are root vegetables, the edible underground part of the plant. Turnip is also a root vegetable. Lettuce is a leaf vegetable, tomato is a fruit, and broccoli is a flower vegetable.
Helium, neon, and argon are noble gases in Group 18 of the periodic table. Krypton is also a noble gas. Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are not noble gases.
Shark, salmon, and trout are fish, aquatic vertebrates with gills and fins. Eel is also a fish. Dolphin, whale, and seal are marine mammals.
Ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola are conic sections, curves obtained by intersecting a cone with a plane. A circle is also a conic section. Rhombus and trapezoid are quadrilaterals, and cylinder is a three-dimensional solid.
Hertz, watt, and pascal are SI derived units, formed from combinations of base units. The newton is also an SI derived unit. Kelvin, ampere, and mole are SI base units, not derived units.
Iamb, trochee, and dactyl are metrical feet, the basic rhythmic units of poetry. Anapest is also a metrical foot. Sonnet and refrain are poetic forms or devices, and stanza is a grouped set of lines.
Sedan, coupe, and hatchback are car body styles, defined by roof and door layout. Convertible is also a body style. Engine, chassis, and transmission are vehicle systems or components, not body styles.
Scurvy, rickets, and beriberi are deficiency diseases caused by lack of a specific vitamin. Pellagra, caused by niacin deficiency, belongs to the same class. Influenza, asthma, and diabetes are not deficiency diseases.
Cambrian, Jurassic, and Permian are geologic periods on the geologic time scale. Triassic is also a period. Mesozoic and Cenozoic are eras, and Pleistocene is an epoch.
Plutocracy, theocracy, and gerontocracy are forms of government in which power rests with a specific subset of society-the wealthy, the clergy, or elders. Oligarchy, rule by a small group, fits that class. Monarchy and autocracy concentrate power in one ruler, and democracy rests with the whole population.
Crimson, scarlet, and vermilion are all saturated reds, so the shared class is shades of red. Maroon is a dark brownish red and belongs to that class. Indigo is a blue, ochre is a yellow-brown earth color, and taupe is a gray-brown.
Noun, verb, and adjective are traditional parts of speech, the grammatical categories words belong to. Adverb is also a part of speech because it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Subject and predicate are sentence components, while a clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb.
A sonnet, haiku, and limerick are whole poems defined by fixed conventions of length, rhyme, or syllable count. A villanelle is likewise a complete poetic form with a set pattern of repeating lines. A stanza and a couplet are structural units within poems, and meter is a rhythmic pattern rather than a form.
Simple, compound, and complex classify sentences by the number and arrangement of clauses. Compound-complex is the fourth major structure, containing at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause. Declarative, imperative, and exclamatory classify sentences by purpose, not by clause structure.
Ad hominem, straw man, and red herring are named patterns of flawed reasoning, so the class is logical fallacies. A false dilemma is a fallacy that wrongly presents only two options as available. A syllogism is a form of deductive argument, a premise is a supporting statement, and validity is a property of arguments.
Cumulus, stratus, and cirrus are Latin-named cloud genera used in meteorology. Altocumulus is also a cloud genus, describing middle-level patchy or layered clouds. A monsoon is a seasonal wind system, an isobar is a line of equal pressure, and a typhoon is a tropical storm.
Nominative, accusative, and genitive are grammatical cases that mark a noun's or pronoun's role in a sentence. Dative is also a case, typically marking an indirect object or recipient. Gerund, infinitive, and participle are verb forms known as verbals, not cases.
Metaphor, simile, and personification are rhetorical figures that create meaning through comparison or attribution. Hyperbole is also a figure of speech, specifically deliberate exaggeration for effect. A sonnet is a poetic form, while a couplet and a stanza are structural units of poetry.
Plosive, fricative, and nasal describe how airflow is obstructed when a consonant is produced. Affricate also describes a manner of articulation, namely a stop released into a fricative. Alveolar, bilabial, and velar instead identify places of articulation in the mouth.
And, or, and not are connectives whose truth value depends only on the truth values of the statements they join. 'If and only if' is likewise truth-functional, forming a biconditional with a fixed truth table. 'Because' and 'therefore' express causal or inferential relations, and 'however' contrasts ideas.
The first pair names a young animal and its adult form, so the missing term must be the adult form of a calf. A calf is a young cow, giving the same young-to-adult relationship. The other animals are adults of different young, such as foal, lamb, and kid.
A pen is a tool whose primary function is to write. The analogous relationship requires the primary function of scissors, which is to cut. Sharpening and drawing are not the defining use of scissors, and measuring belongs to tools such as rulers.
Happy and sad are opposites, so the second pair must also be a pair of opposites. The opposite of generous is stingy, meaning unwilling to give or share. Kind and giving are closer to synonyms of generous, while wealthy is unrelated to generosity.
A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature. A barometer is an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure, so the same instrument-to-measured-quantity relationship applies. Wind, rain, and cloudiness are weather features measured by other instruments or observations.
An author creates a novel, so the second pair must name something a composer creates. A composer writes a symphony, which is a musical work. A piano is an instrument, an orchestra is a group of performers, and a concert is a performance event.
A drought can cause famine by destroying crops, so the first pair links a condition to a harmful consequence. A flood can cause damage to property and land, giving the same cause-to-effect relationship. Water and rivers are features of floods, and a storm is a possible cause rather than the result.
Something fragile breaks easily, so the second pair must state what something soluble does easily. A soluble substance dissolves readily in a liquid, which matches the property-to-characteristic-action relationship. Mixing is broader, and evaporating or hardening describes different processes.
A metaphor is a type of figurative language, so the second pair must identify the category or characteristic of a statistic. A statistic is numerical information, typically expressed as a number or quantity. Verbal, poetic, and descriptive do not capture the defining numerical nature of a statistic.
Something ephemeral lacks permanence, so the second pair must name what something shallow lacks. Shallow means having little depth, giving the same privation relationship. Surface is related to shallowness but is not the dimension that is lacking, and height is a different measurement.
A verbose person lacks brevity, so the second pair must name what a rash person lacks. Rash behavior shows a lack of caution, matching the same privation relationship. Impulse and recklessness are associated with rashness but do not express the missing quality, and courage is unrelated.