Iran CAO ATCO Theory flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Chicago Convention Annex 11

ICAO annex that establishes standards for air traffic services, including flight information, alerting, and air traffic control service provision.

RVSM airspace limits

Reduced vertical separation minimum of 1,000 ft applies between FL290 and FL410 inclusive; above FL410 the minimum returns to 2,000 ft.

Class C airspace

Controlled airspace where both IFR and VFR flights are permitted; IFR flights are separated from VFR and VFR receive traffic information.

Radar separation minimum

Standard radar separation is 5 NM between identified aircraft; 3 NM may be applied in designated terminal areas when approved.

Wake turbulence categories

Aircraft are categorised by maximum take-off weight as Light, Medium, Heavy, and Super, determining required separation between successive aircraft.

CTOT

Calculated take-off time issued by flow management; the aircraft must be ready for departure at CTOT minus five minutes to retain the slot.

QNH versus QFE

QNH is altimeter setting reduced to sea level giving altitude; QFE is the pressure at aerodrome elevation giving height above the aerodrome.

Transition altitude

Altitude at and below which altimeters are set to QNH; above it, altimeters are set to standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.

Mature thunderstorm hazards

The mature stage produces strong updrafts and downdrafts, hail, lightning, and microbursts, which can cause severe wind shear on approach.

SIGMET

Meteorological advisory issued for hazardous phenomena such as volcanic ash, tropical cyclones, severe turbulence, and icing affecting flight safety.

Great circle route

The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface; its track changes continuously along the route.

ILS CAT I minimum

Category I ILS approach requires a decision height of 200 ft and runway visual range of 550 m.

Magnetic variation

The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at a given location; east variation is subtracted from true to obtain magnetic.

Critical angle of attack

The angle of attack at which the wing stalls; it is independent of weight, bank angle, and density altitude.

Load factor in a bank

In a level 60-degree bank, load factor is 2, increasing stall speed by a factor of about 1.41.

Aircraft approach categories

Categories based on Vat: A below 91 kt, B 91–120, C 121–140, D 141–165, E 166–210 kt.

Time of useful consciousness

At FL350, the period before incapacitation from hypoxia is about 30 to 60 seconds; oxygen must be used immediately.

SHELL model

Human factors model describing interfaces between Software, Hardware, Environment, and Liveware; mismatches at these interfaces cause errors.

Spatial disorientation

A false perception of aircraft attitude, most common without visual references; pilots must rely on instruments rather than sensations.

Readback requirement

Pilots must read back clearances, runway assignments, hold-short instructions, altimeter settings, and frequency changes to confirm understanding.

Squawk 7700

Transponder code indicating a general emergency; ATC provides priority handling and alerts emergency services as required.

MAYDAY versus PAN PAN

MAYDAY is the distress call for grave and imminent danger; PAN PAN is the urgency call for serious but non-immediate danger.

Mode S transponder

Secondary surveillance radar system using a unique 24-bit aircraft address, providing altitude, identity, and data link capability.

ADS-B Out

Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast that transmits aircraft position, velocity, and identity to ground stations and other aircraft.

Multilateration

Surveillance technique computing aircraft position from time difference of arrival of signals at multiple receivers, used for surface and terminal areas.

INCERFA

Emergency phase of uncertainty declared when an aircraft fails to report or its position is uncertain and communication cannot be established.

Go-around procedure

Apply power, pitch for climb, retract gear and flaps per SOP, and report to ATC; used when the approach cannot be continued safely.

Runway incursion prevention

Hold-short instructions must be read back; never cross an active runway without an explicit clearance from the aerodrome controller.

Line up and wait

Instruction permitting an aircraft to enter the runway and hold in position, but not to begin take-off until cleared.

Standby meaning

Radio telephony term meaning wait; the controller will call back. It is not a clearance and does not authorise action.

Wilco meaning

Radio telephony term meaning the message is understood and will be complied with; it is not a substitute for a readback.

Unable meaning

Radio telephony term used when an instruction cannot be complied with; the reason should be stated if time permits.