Lingua inglese
This section tests English reading, grammar and formal administrative writing, with attention to accuracy rather than ornate style.
Grammar in context
- Use the past simple for a finished time (“was submitted yesterday”), the present perfect for a result relevant now (“has been submitted”), and the passive when the agent is unknown or unimportant.
- Conditionals: first conditional for real future possibilities; second for hypothetical present; third for unreal past. Connectors such as “however”, “therefore” and “whereas” signal logical relations.
Formal writing
- In an email, prefer “I am writing to enquire about…” to “I want to know…”. Close with “I look forward to hearing from you”. Keep requests specific and avoid contractions in very formal texts.
Worked example
Choose the correct forms: “The report ___ (submit) yesterday; the results ___ already ___ (publish).” The first action is finished and dated, so “was submitted”. The second has present relevance, so “have already been published”. The passive is correct because the report and results are the topic, not the agent.
Traps
Watch false friends: “eventually” means finally, not eventually in the Italian sense; “actual” means real or effective, not current; “policy” is a plan or rule, not “polizia”; “to attend” means partecipare, not attendere. Remember that “information” is uncountable: no “informations”. Do not translate Italian bureaucratic formulas word for word.