JLPT N1 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

漢字読み

N1 vocabulary item asking for the correct reading of an underlined kanji word in a sentence; distractors exploit on/kun readings and rendaku.

表記

N1 item giving a kana word and asking which kanji spelling is correct; distractors are homophones or near-homophones with different meanings.

語形成

N1 item testing how words combine or derive, using prefixes, suffixes, and compound verbs; choose the form that makes a real, natural word.

文脈規定

Fill-in-the-blank vocabulary item; the correct word must fit both the sentence meaning and its collocations, not merely be a synonym.

言い換え類義

Item asking which option is closest in meaning to the underlined word; the paraphrase must preserve nuance and register, not just topic.

用法

Item asking in which sentence a given word is used correctly; check collocations and typical grammatical patterns rather than meaning alone.

文法形式の判断

Grammar item with four options in a blank; the choice depends on the pattern's fixed form and the surrounding tense, aspect, and politeness.

文の組み立て

Word-ordering item with four numbered slots and a star; build from the predicate backward and choose the element in the starred slot.

文章の文法

Grammar item embedded in a short passage with several blanks; each blank is decided by discourse cohesion such as conjunctions, tense consistency, and referents.

主張理解

Reading item on a long opinion text; identify the author's central claim, which is often stated after a concession or counterargument.

統合理解

Reading item with two or more texts; compare them and answer a question that requires combining or contrasting their content.

情報検索

Reading item with a notice, advertisement, or schedule; locate the option satisfying all stated conditions, eliminating any that violate one.

指示語

Words such as これ, それ, その; in reading, resolve them to the nearest preceding noun phrase that fits the meaning, not simply the last word.

接続詞の機能

Conjunctions signal logical relations: しかし contrast, したがって conclusion, なぜなら reason, つまり restatement; match the relation, not the tone.

敬語の三種類

尊敬語 raises the subject, 謙譲語 lowers the speaker's action toward a superior, and 丁寧語 (です・ます) polishes the sentence; choose by who performs the action.

自動詞と他動詞

自動詞 describe a change without an agent (ドアが開く); 他動詞 describe someone causing it (ドアを開ける); the particles が and を signal which is required.

使役受身

The form ～(さ)せられる expresses being made to do something, often with a nuance of nuisance, as in 待たされた 'was made to wait'.

N1 passing score

N1 requires at least 100 of 180 total and at least 19 of 60 in each of the three scored sections: 言語知識, 読解, 聴解.

課題理解

Listening item where you must identify what the main speaker will do next; the question is printed before the audio, so note the required action.

ポイント理解

Listening item asking for one specific detail such as why, when, or who; the question is printed in advance, so listen selectively.

概要理解

Listening item with no printed question; you must grasp the overall topic or the speaker's intent, ignoring specific numbers and details.

即時応答

Listening item with one short utterance and three replies; choose the response matching the speech act, such as request, invitation, or apology.

聴解の統合理解

Longer listening item with two or more speakers or sources; the answer must satisfy several conditions stated across the passage.

聴解 section length

The N1 listening section lasts about 55 minutes and is scored 0–60; it contains five question types, from 課題理解 to 統合理解.

長音と促音

Vowel length and gemination distinguish words: おばさん/おばあさん and 来て/切って; listen for mora count rather than pitch alone.

母音の無声化

Vowels between voiceless consonants often devoice, so 好き sounds like 'ski' and です like 'des'; do not mishear it as a missing syllable.

数値の訂正

In listening, times, prices, and dates are often revised mid-conversation (やっぱり); the final corrected figure is usually the answer.

依頼の表現

Requests appear as ～ていただけませんか, ～てもらえる, or ～ない？; match the reply to the degree of politeness and the relationship.

断りの表現

Refusals are often indirect: ちょっと…, せっかくですが, 検討します; treat hesitation and apology as a negative answer.

話題提示

Speakers mark topic shifts with ところで, それはそうと, ちなみに; the question usually targets the new topic, not the old one.

メモ取り

While listening, jot keywords, arrows, and numbers rather than full sentences; answer options come after the audio, so notes must be quick to scan.

聴解の配点

聴解 is one of three 0–60 scored sections; scoring below 19/60 fails N1 even if the total reaches 100/180.