MOH Physiotherapy Licensure Exam (Jordan) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Type I muscle fiber

Slow-twitch, oxidative fiber with high mitochondrial and capillary density and low fatigue rate. It suits sustained postural and endurance activity and develops tension slowly compared with type II fibers.

Length-tension relationship

Active muscle tension is greatest near optimal actin-myosin overlap at resting sarcomere length. Over-shortening or over-stretching reduces cross-bridge formation and therefore reduces force output.

Karvonen formula

Target heart rate equals resting heart rate plus intensity fraction times the difference between maximal and resting heart rate. It prescribes exercise using heart rate reserve rather than a percentage of maximum alone.

Screw-home mechanism

Terminal knee extension is accompanied by roughly 10-15 degrees of tibial external rotation relative to the femur. This rotation tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and locks the extended knee.

Fracture healing stages

Healing progresses from hematoma and inflammation through soft callus, hard callus, and finally remodeling. Remodeling may continue for months to years and responds to progressive mechanical loading.

Osteoporosis T-score threshold

A T-score of minus 2.5 or lower defines osteoporosis, while minus 1.0 to minus 2.5 defines osteopenia. Severe osteoporosis combines that score with one or more fragility fractures.

Red flags in spinal pain

Features suggesting serious pathology include night pain unrelieved by rest, unexplained weight loss, fever, cancer history, progressive neurological deficit, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. These require medical referral.

Lachman test

With the knee flexed about 20-30 degrees, the examiner draws the tibia anteriorly while stabilizing the femur. Excessive translation with a soft endpoint indicates anterior cruciate ligament rupture and is the most sensitive test.

Carpal tunnel syndrome features

Median nerve compression causes numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and radial half of the ring finger, with nocturnal symptoms. Phalen and Tinel tests are positive, and thenar atrophy signals advanced disease.

Neurogenic claudication

Lumbar spinal stenosis produces bilateral leg pain and heaviness provoked by walking and extension, relieved by sitting or forward flexion. Symptoms differ from vascular claudication, which is relieved by standing still.

Frozen shoulder capsular pattern

Adhesive capsulitis limits external rotation most, followed by abduction and then internal rotation. The condition progresses through painful, frozen, and thawing phases over months to years.

Upper motor neuron signs

Lesions of the corticospinal pathway cause hyperreflexia, spasticity, Babinski sign, clonus, and loss of fine dexterity. Flaccidity, fasciculation, and atrophy instead indicate lower motor neuron involvement.

Brunnstrom recovery stages

Stroke motor recovery is staged from flaccidity through synergy emergence and dominance, then partial and complex movement outside synergy, to near-normal and normal movement. Staging guides exercise selection.

Modified Ashworth Scale

This scale grades resistance to passive movement from zero, meaning no increase in tone, to four, meaning the part is rigid. Grade 1+ denotes a catch followed by minimal resistance through less than half the range.

Uhthoff phenomenon

In multiple sclerosis, elevated body temperature transiently worsens visual and neurological symptoms. Cooling, hydration, and pacing exercise reduce this heat-related conduction block.

Spasticity versus rigidity

Spasticity is velocity-dependent resistance from a hyperexcitable stretch reflex, typical of corticospinal lesions. Rigidity is velocity-independent and constant, typical of extrapyramidal disorders such as Parkinson disease.

Normal arterial blood gas values

Normal pH is 7.35 to 7.45, PaCO2 35 to 45 mmHg, PaO2 80 to 100 mmHg, and bicarbonate 22 to 26 mEq/L. These values anchor interpretation of respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders.

Active cycle of breathing

This airway clearance sequence combines breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and a huff or forced expiration. It mobilizes secretions with less bronchospasm and fatigue than sustained coughing alone.

Pursed-lip breathing

Exhaling slowly through pursed lips creates back pressure that limits airway collapse and reduces dynamic hyperinflation. It relieves dyspnea in obstructive disease such as COPD.

Orthostatic hypotension criteria

A fall of at least 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic within three minutes of standing defines orthostatic hypotension. Management includes slow position changes, hydration, and compression garments.

Infant gross motor milestones

Head control appears around 3 to 4 months, sitting around 6 to 8 months, and independent walking around 12 to 15 months. Persistent asymmetry or loss of skills warrants developmental referral.

GMFCS levels

The Gross Motor Function Classification System grades cerebral palsy mobility from level I, walking without limitation, to level V, transported in a wheelchair. It supports prognosis and goal setting.

Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing fall and disability risk. Progressive resistance training with adequate protein intake is the primary countermeasure.

Timed Up and Go test

The patient rises from a chair, walks three meters, turns, returns, and sits. A time of 12 seconds or more in community-dwelling older adults suggests increased fall risk.

Likelihood ratio interpretation

Positive likelihood ratio equals sensitivity divided by one minus specificity. Values above 10 substantially raise the probability of disease, while values below 0.1 substantially lower it.

Manual muscle testing grades

Grades run from 0 for no contraction, 1 for trace, 2 for movement with gravity eliminated, 3 for movement against gravity, 4 for some resistance, to 5 for normal strength.

SMART goal criteria

Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Physiotherapy goals should describe functional activity and be agreed with the patient rather than stated as clinician targets.

Cryotherapy application parameters

Cold packs are applied for about 15 to 20 minutes through a barrier to reduce temperature, blood flow, and pain. Cold hypersensitivity, Raynaud phenomenon, and regenerating nerves are contraindications.

TENS conventional settings

Conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation uses high frequency around 80 to 150 Hz with a narrow pulse to gate pain. Electrodes are not placed over the heart, carotid sinus, or pregnant abdomen.

FITT-VP exercise framework

Exercise prescription specifies frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression. These components make aerobic and resistance programs reproducible and allow safe, measurable advancement.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires patient capacity, disclosure of material risks and alternatives, comprehension of that information, and voluntary agreement. Consent is obtained before treatment and documented in the record.

Negligence four elements

A negligence claim requires a duty of care owed to the patient, a breach of the standard of care, causation linking the breach to harm, and actual damages. All four must be established.