Aomori Entrance English flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Second speaker rule

In two-speaker dialogues, the second speaker usually corrects or rejects the first speaker's idea, so the answer to a listening question is normally what the second person says.

Correction cue

Words such as actually, no wait, or sorry signal that a number, time, or place just mentioned is being replaced; the later value is the one to record.

Direction prepositions

Next to, across from, behind, in front of, and between locate objects relative to each other; they answer where-questions and never describe distance or time.

Ordinal date endings

Dates in listening are marked by -st, -nd, -th (the third, the twenty-first); missing the ending can make a date sound like a plain number.

Main idea position

In short passages the topic sentence usually opens the text and the conclusion closes it; reading those two sentences first identifies the main idea quickly.

Pronoun reference

It, they, this, and one refer back to the nearest matching noun; resolving the reference is required before answering questions about what a sentence means.

Extreme option test

Options containing all, never, only, or must are usually incorrect unless the passage states exactly that; passages more often use some, rarely, or may.

Notice essentials

For signs, notices, and short e-mails, four facts cover most questions: who sends, who receives, what the purpose is, and what action is required.

Vocabulary in context

Substitute each option into the original sentence and keep the one that preserves the sentence's logic; the dictionary meaning of the word is not the deciding test.

Passage-order rule

In ordered question sets on longer passages, answers appear in the same sequence as the questions, so the location of one answer marks where the next begins.

Information transfer

Tasks requiring data to be moved into a table or chart; match row and column labels first, then fill only the cell meeting every stated condition.

Unit check

In transfer tasks confirm whether the question asks for a total, a difference, or a rate, and confirm the unit (yen, minutes, people) before writing the number.

Inference limit

A valid inference must follow necessarily from stated facts; a true real-world fact absent from the passage is not an acceptable answer.

Head noun agreement

The verb agrees with the head noun, not with a phrase placed between it and the verb: The box of pens is heavy, not are heavy.

Participle choice

Use -ing for the cause or active noun (the exciting news) and -ed for the receiver or felt state (I was excited by the news).

Relative pronoun selection

Who refers to people, which to things, where to places, whose to possession; the pronoun may be omitted only when it functions as the object.

Conditional patterns

If plus present takes will; if plus past takes would; if plus had plus past participle takes would have plus past participle. Each pattern pairs with one time frame.

Gerund after preposition

A verb following a preposition takes -ing, including in fixed phrases such as look forward to, be good at, and be interested in.

Infinitive verb list

Want, decide, hope, plan, and promise are followed by to plus the base verb, not by the -ing form.

Gerund verb list

Enjoy, finish, stop, mind, and practice are followed by the -ing form; using to plus base verb after them is an error.

Parallel comparative

The more you read, the faster you read: two clauses each beginning with the plus a comparative express change that occurs together.

Reordering frame first

Build the sentence around a fixed frame - subject plus verb, or question word plus auxiliary plus subject - then attach modifiers and clauses to it.

Connector logic

However and but mark contrast, therefore and so mark conclusion, for example follows a general statement; connector meaning fixes the order of the two clauses.

Reply function match

A dialogue reply must match the function of the preceding line: a question needs an answer, an offer needs acceptance or refusal with a reason.

Article order clue

A noun first introduced with a or an comes before the same noun referred to later with the or it; this fixes the sequence of two sentences.

Three-part composition frame

State the topic, give two supporting reasons with examples, then close with a restatement or opinion; this frame fits most guided writing prompts.

Prompt coverage check

Every element named in the prompt must appear in the answer; a missing required point such as a reason or a number lowers the score more than a small grammar error.

One connective per boundary

Place one linking word at each paragraph or idea boundary: First, Second, For example, However, In conclusion. Stacking several in one sentence obscures the structure.

Writing self-check order

Check in this order: verb tense, subject-verb agreement, plural endings, articles, then spelling of frequent words. Earlier items cause more serious errors.

Note-taking while listening

Record keywords - numbers, names, actions - during the audio, and write full answers only after it ends, so attention stays on the incoming speech.

Trend plus figure

When describing a chart, name the direction (rose, fell, stayed the same) and attach the value, as in rose from 20 to 35.

E-mail reply structure

Open with a greeting, answer each question the message asks, and close with a set phrase; salutation and closing are scored elements of the task.