Fukui Entrance English key terms

The most important point a speaker or writer wants to communicate, stated or implied, that holds all the smaller details together.

A specific fact, example, or reason in a passage that explains or proves the main idea.

A conclusion you reach by combining clues in the text with your own knowledge, even though the text does not state it directly.

Reading quickly with your eyes moving over the text to find one specific piece of information, such as a name, date, or number.

Reading rapidly to get the general sense of a passage, often by looking at headings, first sentences, and key words.

Information in the words and sentences around an unknown word that helps you guess its meaning.

A word that has nearly the same meaning as another word, such as 'begin' and 'start'.

A word that means the opposite of another word, such as 'cheap' and 'expensive'.

To express the same meaning using different words, often shorter or simpler, while keeping the original idea.

A short statement that gives only the main points of a longer text, leaving out examples and minor details.

A sentence, usually near the beginning of a paragraph, that states what the paragraph is mainly about.

A word or phrase such as 'however', 'therefore', or 'in addition' that shows how two ideas are connected.

A linking word or phrase that joins clauses or sentences and makes the logical relationship between them clear.

A word such as 'and', 'but', 'because', or 'although' that joins words, phrases, or clauses.

A group of words with a subject and verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence because it depends on a main clause.

A word such as 'who', 'which', or 'that' used to introduce a clause that describes a noun.

Keeping the verbs in a passage in the same or logically appropriate tense so the timeline stays clear to the reader.

The rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

A noun for something you can count one by one, such as 'chair' or 'idea', which can take 'a' or a plural form.

A noun for a mass or abstract idea, such as 'water' or 'advice', that has no plural form and does not take 'a' or 'an'.

The words 'a', 'an', and 'the', used before nouns to show whether something is general or already known.

A short word such as 'in', 'on', 'at', or 'for' that shows place, time, direction, or another relation before a noun.

A verb form ending in '-ing' or '-ed' that can act as an adjective or help build perfect and continuous tenses.

The '-ing' form of a verb used as a noun, as in 'Swimming is fun' or 'I enjoy reading'.

The base form of a verb, usually with 'to', as in 'to go' or 'to study', used after certain verbs and for purposes.

A helping verb such as 'can', 'must', 'should', or 'might' that expresses ability, obligation, advice, or possibility.

A sentence pattern with 'if' or a similar word that describes a possible or imagined situation and its result.

A sentence pattern where the action is done to the subject, formed with 'be' plus a past participle, as in 'The letter was sent'.

A verb combined with a particle, such as 'give up' or 'look after', whose meaning is often different from the verb alone.

A pair or group of words that native speakers commonly use together, such as 'make a decision' or 'heavy rain'.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the separate words, such as 'break the ice'.

The quality of a text that makes it easy to follow because ideas are arranged in a clear, logical order.

The way sentences in a text are linked together by repeated words, pronouns, and connectors so they feel connected.

The relationship between a pronoun such as 'it' or 'they' and the noun it stands for earlier or later in the text.

Arranging a set of sentences into a logical sequence using time words, pronouns, and connectors as clues.

Choosing the response that fits naturally into a short conversation, matching the function and tone of the other speaker.

The level of formality in language, ranging from casual speech with friends to polite or formal writing.

A writing task where notes, questions, or prompts tell you what to include, and you build a connected text from them.

Writing down only the key words and numbers from a listening passage so you can answer questions afterwards.

The general meaning or central point of a spoken or written text, understood without catching every word.