Hyogo Entrance English flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Distractor numbers in listening

A listening item may state one number, then correct it with but, actually, or sorry; the corrected number is the answer.

Homophones in listening

Words such as sixteen and sixty, or can and can't, sound similar; context and sentence stress decide which meaning fits the item.

Response selection item

A short question or statement is followed by three replies; the correct reply performs the expected function, such as answering, accepting, or apologizing.

Table completion listening

The listener fills missing cells in a table; headers name the category, and the recording gives the value in the same order or with a synonym.

Discourse markers in monologues

Words like first, however, and finally show how ideas connect; they signal a list, contrast, or conclusion and help locate the answer.

Stress and contrast

A speaker stresses the word that carries new or corrected information; the stressed item often answers a wh-question in listening tasks.

Main idea location

The main idea often appears in the first or last sentence of a passage; it combines the topic with the author's overall point.

Reference word resolution

To solve it, replace the pronoun with each possible noun and check singular/plural, gender, and meaning in the surrounding sentences.

Inference from details

An inference is a conclusion not stated directly but required by clues; the correct option must be supported by specific words in the text.

Narrative passage structure

A story usually moves from setting and characters through a conflict to a climax and resolution; the theme emerges from how the character changes.

Expository passage structure

An explanatory text often states a claim, gives evidence or examples, explains them, and closes with a conclusion; first sentences signal each part.

Vocabulary in context clues

Nearby definitions, examples, contrasts, or cause-effect wording reveal an unknown word's meaning; choose the option that fits the sentence, not the dictionary's first sense.

Present perfect vs past simple

Use present perfect for a past action linked to now, often with for, since, already, or yet; use past simple with finished times such as yesterday or in 2019.

Relative pronoun omission

An object relative pronoun can be left out: the book I bought. A subject relative pronoun cannot: the book that is on the desk.

Conditional type 2

Form: if + past simple, would + base verb. It describes an unreal or unlikely present or future situation, not a past fact.

Preposition after adjectives

Many adjectives take fixed prepositions: interested in, good at, afraid of, proud of, similar to; learn the pair as one vocabulary item.

Indirect question word order

In an indirect question, use statement order after the question word: Do you know where he lives? Not where does he live.

Paraphrase matching

A paraphrase keeps the same meaning with different words; check subject, tense, polarity, and register rather than matching identical vocabulary.

Polite request forms

Could you + base verb and Would you mind + -ing are polite requests; the reply often uses Of course, Sure, or Not at all.

Offering and accepting

Would you like...? and I'll... are offers; accept with Yes, please or That would be nice, and decline with No, thank you.

Apology response pairs

After I'm sorry for/about..., a common reply is That's all right, No problem, or Don't worry about it; the reply reassures the speaker.

Permission vs ability

May and Can ask for permission; can also expresses ability. The answer Yes, you can grants permission, while Yes, you can swim describes ability.

Invitation refusal softener

A polite refusal often begins I'd love to, but... or I'm afraid I can't because...; it acknowledges the invitation before giving a reason.

Content point checklist

Before writing, list every condition in the prompt; after writing, tick each point to confirm it appears explicitly in the composition.

Topic sentence in guided writing

A topic sentence names the paragraph's main point and limits its scope; supporting sentences then give reasons, details, or examples that fit that point.

Length control in composition

Count words after drafting; if over the limit, delete repeated ideas and filler, not content points; if under, add a specific example or reason.

Connectors for contrast

However starts a new sentence; although and though introduce a dependent clause; but joins clauses. Each signals that the next idea opposes the previous one.

Tense consistency in writing

Keep one main tense across a paragraph unless a time expression requires a change; inconsistent tense shifts confuse the sequence of events.

Notice purpose and audience

A notice's purpose is what it wants readers to do; its audience is who must act. Both are often stated in the title, first line, or final line.

Schedule overlap calculation

Convert start and end times to minutes after midnight; overlap exists when one start is before the other end and vice versa.

Email sender and recipient

The From line names the writer, To names the main reader, and Cc names copied readers; signature lines confirm the writer's role and contact details.

Chart data comparison

Read the title, axis labels, units, and legend before comparing values; a taller bar can still represent a smaller number if the scale starts above zero.