高知県高校入試 社会 - Independent practice key terms

A contour line joins locations with the same elevation; spacing between neighboring contours helps indicate the steepness of a slope.

Map scale expresses the ratio between a map distance and the corresponding ground distance, with both distances expressed in compatible units.

Population density divides population by area; compare places using the same area unit and an appropriate population reference year.

A seasonal wind changes its prevailing direction through the year, influencing regional rainfall together with seas and mountain barriers.

Protected cultivation in suitable conditions can bring a crop to market earlier; distinguish advancing the growing schedule from delaying it.

A choropleth map groups a regional statistic into classes and shades areas accordingly; class boundaries influence the pattern readers perceive.

Regional investigation combines maps, records, observations and interviews; choose a method that actually supplies evidence for the question being investigated.

This historical land-allotment system connected official distribution of fields with a population register; distinguish it from later permanent private-land ownership measures.

The relationship between a shogun and retainers linked recognition or grants of land rights with service, including military obligations.

Official tally documents helped distinguish authorized Japan-Ming trade from unauthorized activity; place this relationship in its medieval historical setting.

The Meiji land-tax reform linked tax to assessed land value and monetary payment; distinguish it from an unchanged rice tribute.

Treaty revision addressed unequal provisions through diplomatic change; abolition of consular jurisdiction and recovery of tariff autonomy occurred through different stages.

Postwar land reform changed agricultural ownership relationships; it belongs to a different historical setting from Meiji taxation and earlier land allotment.

A source reflects a particular producer, audience and purpose; its statement is evidence to evaluate rather than a complete account of every perspective.

Popular sovereignty means political authority ultimately rests with the people; constitutional institutions provide procedures for exercising and limiting that authority.

Separation of powers distributes state functions among institutions and supports checks against concentrated power, rather than removing cooperation between branches.

Social rights concern conditions necessary for a dignified life, such as livelihood and education; distinguish their category from political participation rights.

In indirect finance, an intermediary such as a bank gathers funds and lends them onward, unlike a firm issuing shares directly to investors.

A negative externality places costs on people outside the transaction; the market price alone may not reflect those social costs.

Redistribution changes the distribution of income through instruments such as taxation and social support; it is one function of public finance.

Comparative advantage concerns relative opportunity cost; gains from specialization do not require one country to be absolutely better at producing everything.