Okayama Public High School Entrance Examination - English flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Listening: first vs second reading

The passage is read twice. Use the first reading for the general situation and the second for specific numbers, times, and names needed to choose the answer.

Listening: reason questions

Questions asking why are answered by the clause after because or the phrase ending in -from / -because of. Note the reason word during listening.

Listening: number traps

Pairs such as 13 and 30, 15 and 50, or 7:15 and 7:50 are often contrasted. Write the digits immediately and check the second reading.

Listening: direction words

Terms such as go straight, turn right, the second corner, opposite, and next to locate places. Sketch a simple map with arrows while listening.

Listening: negative forms

Cannot, do not have to, and must not have different meanings. Identify which negative is used before selecting an option about actions.

Dialogue: implied meaning

The correct answer restates what a speaker feels or intends. It rarely repeats the exact words spoken in the dialogue.

Pronoun reference rule

It, they, or this refers to the nearest earlier noun phrase that fits in number and meaning. Substitute it back to test the choice.

Signal words in passages

But and however signal contrast; so and therefore signal result; because and since signal reason; for example signals illustration.

Dialogue reply matching

A why-question needs a because-reply; a yes/no question needs agreement or refusal. Match reply type to question type when ordering lines.

Sequence markers

First, then, after that, and finally show the order of events. Underline them before answering order-of-events questions.

Main idea location

The main idea usually appears in the opening and closing sentences of a passage. A choice covering only one detail is a distractor.

Information retrieval: conditions

Posters and timetables require checking several conditions together: day, time, price, age, and reservation. One missed condition changes the answer.

Note symbols (※)

Small notes marked with ※ often state exceptions such as closed days or extra fees. They can cancel the apparently obvious answer.

Supporting-line test

For true/false and matching items, find the exact sentence supporting each option. An option with no supporting line is false.

Chart questions: trend

Chart items usually ask about change between two points, not absolute values. Compare the highest, the lowest, and the direction of change.

Present perfect use

Have or has plus the past participle expresses experience or a state continuing to now. Use it with since, for, ever, and never.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes -s in the present tense. Everyone, each, and news are treated as singular despite their form.

-ing vs -ed adjectives

The -ing form describes the thing causing a feeling (interesting, exciting). The -ed form describes the person feeling it (interested, excited).

Gerund after prepositions

After a preposition, use the -ing form: look forward to doing, be good at swimming, be interested in reading. The word to here is a preposition.

Relative pronoun choice

Use who for people, which for things, that for both in defining clauses, where for places, and when for times.

Fixed preposition phrases

Learn whole phrases: be good at, be interested in, be afraid of, depend on, arrive at, listen to. The preposition is fixed by the phrase.

Frequency adverb position

Always, usually, and often go before the main verb but after the verb be. They never split a verb phrase such as have finished.

Collocation choice

Only one verb fits a given noun: make a decision, take a picture, do homework, have breakfast. Collocation decides the answer.

Passive transformation

Change active to passive with be plus the past participle, and move the object to the subject position. Keep the original tense.

Question inversion

In questions, put the auxiliary before the subject. In wh-questions the wh-word comes first, then the auxiliary, then the subject.

Completion tense check

After inserting your answer, re-read the whole sentence to confirm tense, number, and person match the given part.

Writing: prompt conditions

Prompts specify a topic, a word limit, and sometimes required content such as a reason. Check all conditions before and after drafting.

Writing: paragraph shape

A safe structure is a topic sentence with the opinion, one or two sentences giving a reason, and a closing sentence.

Writing: linking words

First, Second, Also, However, For example, and Therefore show structure. They improve coherence when used correctly.

Writing: word count

Count words after drafting. Being far below the limit loses content points; being far above increases error risk.

Integrated task: source facts

Answers must use facts from the passage or audio, not general knowledge. Paraphrase the source rather than copying whole sentences.

Listen-and-answer notes

Take notes in a fixed layout: who, what, when, where, why. Assemble the written answer after the second reading.