Toyama Prefectural Public High School Entrance Examination - English key terms

A future expression used for plans decided before speaking or for predictions based on present evidence. Form: am, is, or are + going to + base verb.

A verb form made with have or has plus the past participle. It connects a past action or state to the present, often with since, for, already, or yet.

The form of an adjective or adverb used to compare two things, usually made by adding -er or by putting more before the word.

The form of an adjective or adverb used to compare three or more things, usually made by adding -est or by putting most before the word.

The base form of a verb, often written with to, as in "to read." It can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentence.

A verb form ending in -ing that works as a noun. It can be the subject of a sentence or the object of certain verbs and prepositions.

A word such as who, which, or that that introduces a clause describing a noun. It connects the clause to the noun it modifies.

A sentence pattern in which the subject receives the action rather than doing it. It is formed with be plus the past participle, often followed by by.

A helping verb such as can, must, should, may, or will. It adds meanings like ability, obligation, permission, or possibility and is followed by a base verb.

A pattern used to say that something exists or is present. Use there is with a singular noun and there are with a plural noun.

A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. Common examples are and, but, or, because, when, and although. It helps show how the joined ideas relate.

A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word, often indicating time, place, direction, or manner. Examples include in, on, at, and to.

A helping verb used with a main verb to form questions, negatives, tenses, or passive sentences. Common ones are be, do, have, and the modal verbs.

A noun that can be counted and has a singular and plural form, such as book and books. It can be used with a or an in the singular.

A noun that names something treated as a mass rather than separate items, such as water, information, or advice. It usually has no plural form.

A small word placed before a noun: a, an, or the. A and an are indefinite; the is definite and points to a specific thing.

A word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It often tells how, when, where, or how often something happens.

A word that describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun. It can come before the noun or after a linking verb.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number. A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

A word such as who, what, when, where, why, or how used to begin a question that asks for information. It usually comes before the auxiliary verb.

The most important point that a paragraph or passage is about. It is often stated in a topic sentence or must be inferred from the whole text.

A fact, example, or reason that explains or proves the main idea. Details help the reader trust and understand the writer's point.

A conclusion a reader draws by combining information in the text with what the reader already knows. The answer is not stated directly.

A pronoun or phrase such as it, this, they, or the former that points back to something already mentioned. Readers use it to track ideas across sentences.

The order in which events or steps happen in a text. Words like first, next, then, and finally often show this order.

The details a listener must catch to answer a question, such as who did what, when, where, why, or how much.

The general meaning or main point of a spoken message. A listener can often understand the gist even without catching every word.

An answer choice or detail that sounds relevant but is wrong. It may repeat a word from the recording while changing the meaning.

A sentence, usually at the start of a paragraph, that states the paragraph's main idea. The rest of the paragraph supports it.

A word or phrase such as however, because, or for example that connects ideas and shows how sentences or paragraphs relate.

A group of sentences about one main idea. It usually begins with a topic sentence and includes supporting details.

To state the main points of a text or talk in a short form, using your own words and leaving out unnecessary details.

To express the same meaning using different words, often to show understanding or to fit a new sentence. It keeps the original idea.

The practice of speaking in a conversation only after another person finishes, and giving others a chance to speak. It keeps talk orderly.

A way of asking for something that shows respect, often using could, would, or please, and sometimes an indirect question form.