Cosmetology (Kenya TVET CDACC Beauty & Cosmetology) flashcards
Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cuticle
- The outermost layer of the hair shaft, made of overlapping scales that protect the cortex. Chemical services must lift or open it to reach the cortex.
- Cortex
- The middle layer of the hair shaft, containing most of the hair's mass, melanin, and disulfide bonds. It determines strength, elasticity, and color.
- Disulfide bond
- A strong side bond between cysteine molecules in the cortex. Permanent waves and relaxers break and rebuild these bonds to change hair shape.
- Anagen phase
- The active growth phase of the hair cycle, lasting about two to six years. Most scalp hair is in this phase at any time.
- Hair porosity
- The ability of hair to absorb and retain moisture. Low porosity resists moisture; high porosity absorbs quickly and loses moisture fast.
- Acid mantle
- The slightly acidic film on the skin and scalp, around pH 4.5 to 5.5, that helps resist bacteria and protects the skin barrier.
- Solid form
- A haircut with no elevation, cut at zero degrees, producing a strong perimeter and maximum weight at the ends.
- Traveling guide
- A moving guide that follows the previous section as the haircut progresses, used for layered and graduated forms to maintain a consistent pattern.
- Stationary guide
- A fixed guide that stays in one place while all other sections are cut to its length, used for blunt and uniform cuts.
- Thioglycolate
- The reducing agent in most permanent waves, usually ammonium thioglycolate, which breaks disulfide bonds so hair can be reshaped around a rod.
- Neutralizer
- The second step of a permanent wave, typically hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate, which rebuilds disulfide bonds to lock in the new shape.
- Developer volume
- The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in hair color. Higher volumes lift more color levels but increase damage risk and require careful timing.
- Patch test
- A small application of an aniline-derivative color product on skin, checked after about 24 to 48 hours, to detect an allergic reaction before service.
- Elevation
- The angle at which hair is held during cutting. Zero degrees builds weight, 45 degrees graduates, and 90 degrees or more layers and removes weight.
- Stratum corneum
- The outermost layer of the epidermis, made of flattened dead cells that form the skin's protective barrier and resist water loss.
- Nail matrix
- The area beneath the nail root where new nail cells form. Injury to the matrix can permanently alter nail growth and shape.
- Lunula
- The whitish, half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail plate, formed by the visible portion of the matrix.
- Onychocryptosis
- An ingrown nail, where the nail edge grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain and inflammation. Refer severe or infected cases to a physician.
- Fitzpatrick scale
- A six-level scale classifying skin by response to ultraviolet light. It guides sun protection advice and treatment selection in skin care services.
- Eponychium
- The living skin at the base of the nail plate, often called the cuticle. It seals the nail area and should not be cut during a manicure.
- Scope of practice
- The services and procedures a licensed professional may legally perform under state law. Performing outside it risks license discipline and liability.
- Safety Data Sheet
- A document required by OSHA for each hazardous chemical, listing hazards, safe handling, first aid, and disposal information.
- Booth rent
- A business arrangement where a professional pays a fixed fee to use space in a salon, typically as an independent contractor rather than an employee.
- Gross profit
- Revenue minus the cost of goods sold. It measures profit before operating expenses such as rent, utilities, and wages are deducted.
- Informed consent
- A client's agreement to a service after being told the risks, benefits, alternatives, and expected results. It should be documented in the client record.
- Professional liability
- Insurance covering claims of injury or negligence arising from professional services. General liability alone usually does not cover these claims.
- Disinfection
- A process using an EPA-registered product to kill most pathogenic organisms on nonporous surfaces. It does not destroy bacterial spores.
- Sterilization
- A process that destroys all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, on an object. It is used for surgical instruments, not routine salon tools.
- Universal precautions
- The practice of treating all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious. It requires gloves, barriers, and hand washing for every client.
- Porous implement
- A tool such as a file, buffer, or wooden stick that absorbs liquids and cannot be reliably disinfected. It must be single-use or discarded.
- GFCI outlet
- A ground-fault circuit interrupter outlet that shuts off power when current leaks, reducing shock risk. It is required near water in salons.
- Hazard communication
- An OSHA program requiring labels, Safety Data Sheets, and employee training for hazardous chemicals used in the workplace.