ORT Main Test flashcards
ORT Main Test · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Order of operations
- Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right; this sequence determines a single arithmetic result.
- Slope formula
- For two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), slope m equals (y2 - y1) divided by (x2 - x1); it measures vertical change per unit horizontal change.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax^2 + bx + c = 0 with a not equal to zero, x equals negative b plus or minus the square root of b^2 - 4ac, all divided by 2a.
- Percent change
- Percent change equals the new value minus the old value, divided by the old value, then multiplied by 100; positive results indicate increase and negative results indicate decrease.
- Compound interest formula
- A equals P times the quantity 1 plus r divided by n, raised to nt, where P is principal, r is annual rate, n is compounds per year, and t is years.
- Perpendicular slopes
- Two nonvertical lines are perpendicular exactly when their slopes are negative reciprocals, so the product of the two slopes equals negative one.
- Area of a triangle
- Triangle area equals one half times base times perpendicular height; the height must be measured perpendicular to the chosen base.
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a squared plus b squared equals c squared.
- Circle circumference
- Circumference equals two times pi times radius, or pi times diameter; pi is approximately 3.14159 and is the ratio of circumference to diameter.
- Volume of a cylinder
- Cylinder volume equals pi times radius squared times height; the result is expressed in cubic units matching the input units.
- Similar figure scaling
- When two figures are similar with length scale factor k, corresponding lengths scale by k, areas scale by k squared, and volumes scale by k cubed.
- Mean
- The arithmetic mean equals the sum of all data values divided by the number of values; it is affected strongly by extreme outliers.
- Median
- The median is the middle value when data are arranged in order; with an even number of values, average the two middle values.
- Probability complement
- For any event, the probability that it does not occur equals one minus the probability that it does occur.
- Independent events
- Events are independent when one outcome does not change the other's probability; multiply their individual probabilities to find the probability both occur.
- Weighted mean
- Weighted mean equals the sum of each value multiplied by its weight, divided by the sum of all the weights used.
- Main idea
- The main idea is the central point a passage develops; supporting details explain, illustrate, or prove it.
- Inference
- An inference is a conclusion drawn from textual evidence plus logical reasoning, not an unsupported personal opinion or guess.
- Tone
- Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject, conveyed through word choice, imagery, and sentence structure.
- Text structure
- Text structure is the organizational pattern of a passage, such as cause-effect, compare-contrast, chronological order, problem-solution, or description.
- Author's purpose
- Author's purpose is the reason for writing, commonly to inform, persuade, explain, or entertain a particular audience.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A verb must agree in number with its subject; prepositional phrases between the subject and verb do not change the subject's number.
- Semicolon use
- A semicolon can join two independent clauses without a conjunction; it can also separate items in a complex list.
- Dangling modifier
- A dangling modifier lacks a logical subject in the main clause; revise the sentence so the intended noun directly follows the modifier.
- Possessive apostrophe
- Add apostrophe s for a singular possessive; add only an apostrophe after the s for most plural possessives.
- Parallel structure
- Parallel structure requires items in a list or comparison to use the same grammatical form, such as all nouns, all gerunds, or all infinitives.
- Dramatic irony
- Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows important information that a character does not, creating tension, humor, or tragic effect.
- Theme
- A theme is a universal idea or message about life that a literary work explores through plot, character, imagery, and conflict.
- First-person point of view
- First-person point of view uses the pronoun I or we, presenting events through the narrator's own limited perspective and knowledge.
- Symbolism
- A symbol is an object, person, or concept that represents an abstract idea beyond its literal meaning; symbolism is the use of such symbols.
- Sonnet
- A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem, often written in iambic pentameter, with a fixed rhyme scheme such as Shakespearean or Petrarchan form.
- Allusion
- An allusion is a brief reference to a well-known person, event, text, or cultural work that relies on the reader's shared knowledge.