Hazard Perception, Defensive Riding and Emergency Handling
Scanning and predicting
This domain tests whether you see danger early. Use a scan–identify–predict–decide–execute sequence. Look far ahead, check mirrors, and sweep intersections. Expect cars to pull out, pedestrians to step off, animals to move unpredictably, and trucks to turn wide. Sand, potholes, oil and wet patches are hazards even when no vehicle is near.
Defensive riding
Assume other road users have not seen you. Create space, avoid blind spots, and do not rely on the horn alone. At junctions, reduce speed and cover the brakes. When passing parked cars, watch for doors opening and people stepping out. Keep an escape route to the side.
Emergency handling
For an emergency stop, keep the bike upright, use both brakes progressively, and avoid locking the front wheel. If a swerve is unavoidable, separate braking from swerving where possible. Do not stare at the hazard; look at the gap you want. Sound the horn only as a warning, not as a substitute for braking.
Worked example
A parked car’s door begins to open ahead. Reasoning: scan for occupants and brake lights early, leave space from parked cars, and brake smoothly rather than swerving into oncoming traffic. If there is room, a controlled swerve away from the door may work; if not, stop.
Traps that cost marks
Fixating on the hazard; swerving into the opposite lane; using only the rear brake in panic; and watching only the vehicle directly ahead. The exam favours early observation and space over last-second action.
Exam focus
Expect scenario questions on junctions, parked cars, pedestrians, animals, slippery surfaces, truck blind spots, emergency braking and target fixation.