KMA Cadet 1st-Stage Exam flashcards

34 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Latitude

Angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.

Great-circle course

The shortest path between two points on the surface of a sphere; it appears as a curved line on a Mercator chart.

Deviation

The angle between magnetic north and compass north caused by the ship's own magnetic field; it varies with heading.

Two-stroke diesel engine

An engine that completes a power stroke every revolution; large slow-speed two-stroke engines directly drive fixed-pitch propellers at 70–120 rpm.

Propeller law

For a fixed-pitch propeller, power absorbed varies approximately with the cube of shaft speed, and thrust varies with the square of shaft speed.

Cavitation

Formation and collapse of vapour bubbles in a fluid when local pressure falls below vapour pressure, causing noise, erosion, and thrust loss.

Block coefficient

The ratio of the underwater volume of a ship to the volume of a rectangular block with dimensions length between perpendiculars, breadth, and draught.

Freeboard

The vertical distance from the summer load line to the freeboard deck; minimum freeboard is set by the International Convention on Load Lines.

Collision bulkhead

The foremost watertight bulkhead, located at least 0.05L or 10 m (whichever is less) from the forward perpendicular, to limit flooding after collision.

Metacentric height (GM)

The distance between the centre of gravity (G) and the transverse metacentre (M); positive GM indicates initial stability.

Free surface effect

The reduction in effective metacentric height caused by liquid free to move in a partially filled tank, proportional to the free surface moment of inertia.

Angle of loll

The angle at which a ship with negative initial metacentric height may rest in unstable equilibrium; it can be corrected by lowering G.

Innocent passage

Navigation through the territorial sea that is continuous and expeditious and not prejudicial to the peace, good order, or security of the coastal state.

Bill of lading

A document that serves as a receipt for goods, evidence of the contract of carriage, and a document of title; it may be negotiable.

General average

A principle where sacrifice or expenditure intentionally and reasonably made for the common safety is shared proportionally by cargo, ship, and freight.

MARPOL Annex VI

The annex regulating air pollution from ships, including sulphur limits (0.50% global, 0.10% in ECAs) and NOx Tier limits.

ISM Code

The International Safety Management Code requires a Safety Management System with documented procedures, a designated person ashore, and internal audits.

STCW Convention

The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping sets minimum standards for seafarer training and certification.

Demurrage

Compensation paid by the charterer to the shipowner for exceeding the allowed laytime for loading or discharging cargo.

Worldscale

A nominal freight rate index for tankers; the actual rate is expressed as a percentage of the Worldscale flat rate.

Time charter

A charter where the charterer pays hire per day and voyage costs such as bunkers and port charges, while the owner pays operating costs.

Port turnaround time

The total time a ship spends in port from arrival to departure, including waiting, berthing, cargo operations, and formalities.

BAPLIE

An electronic data interchange message used in container shipping to transmit the stowage plan of a vessel to ports and terminals.

Incoterms

Standard international trade terms (e.g., FOB, CIF, CFR) that define the division of costs, risks, and responsibilities between seller and buyer.

Oil record book

A mandatory record on board documenting all oil transfers, discharges, and machinery space operations, required under MARPOL Annex I.

Ballast water exchange

A management method under the BWM Convention requiring exchange of ballast water at least 200 nm from land in 200 m depth, or 50 nm if not possible.

Sulphur Emission Control Area

A designated sea area under MARPOL Annex VI where the sulphur limit in fuel oil is 0.10%, including the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and North American areas.

Mayday

The international radiotelephony distress signal used to indicate that a vessel or person is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.

SMCP

Standard Marine Communication Phrases: a set of standardized phrases for safety communications at sea, developed by the IMO.

Pan-Pan

The international radiotelephony urgency signal used when a vessel or person is in need of assistance but not in immediate danger.

IMO 2020 sulphur cap

A regulation effective 1 January 2020 limiting the sulphur content of marine fuel oil to 0.50% globally, unless an approved scrubber is used.

VLCC

Very Large Crude Carrier, a tanker typically over 200,000 deadweight tonnes, used for long-haul crude oil transport.

Pythagorean theorem

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².

Hydrostatic pressure

The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to its weight, calculated as ρgh, where ρ is density, g is gravity, and h is depth.