Life Sports Leader Level 1 flashcards

38 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Teaching style continuum

Mosston's spectrum ranges from command style, where the leader makes all decisions, to discovery styles where learners generate solutions. Selection depends on objectives, learner readiness, and risk.

Cognitive stage of learning

The first phase of motor learning, marked by conscious attention, many errors, and inconsistent performance. Instruction should be brief, demonstration-led, and focused on a few key cues.

Knowledge of performance

Augmented feedback describing the quality or technique of a movement rather than its outcome. It helps learners correct form, but excessive frequency can create dependence and reduce retention.

Blocked versus random practice

Blocked practice repeats one skill before switching and improves immediate performance. Random or interleaved practice mixes skills and produces better retention and transfer, especially for open skills.

Time on task

The proportion of lesson time in which learners are actively engaged in relevant movement. It is a key process indicator and is increased by small-sided games and reduced waiting in lines.

Situational leadership

A model in which the leader adjusts between directive and supportive behaviors according to followers' competence and commitment. Highly experienced, self-directed groups need less direction.

ATP-PCr system

The phosphagen system supplies energy for roughly ten seconds of maximal effort using stored ATP and creatine phosphate. It dominates sprint starts, jumps, and heavy lifts.

Karvonen formula

Target heart rate equals resting heart rate plus intensity fraction multiplied by the difference between maximum and resting heart rate. It personalizes prescription better than percent of maximum alone.

Heart rate maximum estimate

The common 220 minus age formula gives a population average with individual error around ten to twelve beats per minute. Field or laboratory testing is more accurate for prescription.

Anaerobic glycolysis

The energy pathway breaking down glucose without oxygen, dominating efforts of roughly ten seconds to two minutes. It produces lactate and hydrogen ions associated with fatigue.

Exercise-induced plasma volume expansion

Endurance training increases blood plasma volume within days to weeks, raising stroke volume and lowering resting and submaximal heart rate. This is an early cardiovascular adaptation.

Sweat rate estimation

Body mass lost during exercise, corrected for fluid intake, estimates sweat loss. Replacing roughly 1.0 to 1.5 liters per kilogram lost supports rehydration after training.

Relative energy deficiency in sport

A syndrome of low energy availability that impairs metabolism, bone health, immunity, and menstrual function. Adequate carbohydrate and total energy intake is the primary prevention.

Inverted-U hypothesis

A model proposing that performance peaks at moderate arousal and declines at very low or very high arousal. Optimal arousal varies with task complexity and individual experience.

Self-determination theory

A motivation theory holding that competence, autonomy, and relatedness are basic psychological needs. Satisfying them supports intrinsic motivation, whereas controlling external rewards can undermine it.

Attribution theory

A framework explaining how people interpret success and failure. Internal, stable, controllable attributions such as effort support persistence; stable uncontrollable attributions risk learned helplessness.

Imagery

A cognitive technique rehearsing movement or coping scenes mentally using visual, kinesthetic, and auditory senses. It is most effective when vivid, controlled, and practiced regularly.

Tuckman group stages

The sequence of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning that describes team development. Coaches adjust communication and role clarity according to the current stage.

Social loafing

Reduced individual effort when people work in groups and contributions are not identifiable. Clear individual roles, feedback, and smaller teams reduce its effect.

Impulse-momentum relationship

Impulse, the product of force and time, equals the change in momentum. Extending the time of force application raises takeoff speed or reduces landing forces.

Third-class lever

A lever with the effort applied between the axis and the load, as in most human limbs. It sacrifices mechanical advantage to gain speed and range of motion.

Torque

The rotational effect of a force, equal to force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of force. Muscle torque changes as the moment arm changes.

Optimal projection angle

The release angle maximizing range depends on height difference. When release height exceeds landing height, the optimum falls below 45 degrees.

Proximal-to-distal sequencing

A coordination pattern in throwing and striking where segments accelerate in order from trunk to distal limb. It sums segment velocities and increases end-point speed.

Base of support

The area beneath and between the points of contact with the ground. A larger base and center of gravity within it increase stability.

Qualitative movement analysis

A systematic process of preparation, observation, evaluation against a model, and intervention. It identifies technique errors and guides corrective feedback without laboratory tools.

Concussion return protocol

Any suspected concussion requires immediate removal from play and no same-day return. Graduated return-to-learn precedes stepwise return-to-sport, with medical clearance for minors.

Sprain versus strain

A sprain injures a ligament, while a strain injures a muscle or tendon. Grading from one to three reflects partial to complete tissue disruption and guides loading timelines.

Exertional heat stroke

A medical emergency with core temperature above forty degrees Celsius and central nervous system dysfunction such as confusion. Immediate cooling and emergency transport are required.

Emergency action plan

A written venue-specific plan covering roles, communication, access routes, equipment location, and transport. It must be rehearsed and documented before activities begin.

Periodization macrocycle

The longest training planning unit, usually an annual or multi-year cycle. It contains preparatory, competitive, and transition phases with planned changes in volume and intensity.

Facility bottleneck capacity

The maximum participant throughput is limited by the most constrained resource, such as area, equipment, supervision ratio, or change-room access, not by total space.

Risk control hierarchy

The order of hazard control from elimination and substitution through engineering and administrative controls to protective equipment. Higher-order controls are more reliable.

SMART objectives

Program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. They state the target audience, behavior, conditions, and criterion for success.

Negligence elements

A claim requires a duty of care, breach of that duty, causation of harm, and resulting damages. Coaches are held to a reasonably prudent professional standard.

Informed consent

Valid consent requires capacity, disclosure of material risks, comprehension, and voluntary agreement. It must be obtained before participation and documented.

Strict liability in anti-doping

An athlete is responsible for any prohibited substance found in their sample regardless of intent. Therapeutic use exemptions must be approved before the substance is taken.

Mandatory reporting duty

A legal and ethical obligation for designated personnel to report suspected child abuse or neglect to authorities. Safeguarding policies also require screening and codes of conduct.