Korean Nursing License flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Hand hygiene priority

Alcohol-based hand rub is used when hands are not visibly soiled; soap and water is required when soiled or after caring for a patient with C. difficile because alcohol does not kill spores.

Body mass index formula

BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Asian adult cutoffs classify 23 or above as overweight and 25 or above as obese, lower than Western thresholds.

Pressure injury stage 3

Full-thickness skin loss extending into subcutaneous fat, with no exposed muscle, bone, or tendon. Slough or eschar may be present but does not obscure the depth.

Aseptic field rule

A sterile field is considered contaminated at its edges, about 2.5 centimeters inward. Objects below waist level or outside the nurse's direct view are also contaminated.

Acute MI initial drugs

Morphine, oxygen when saturation is below 90 percent, nitroglycerin, and aspirin. Nitrates are contraindicated within 24 hours of sildenafil or similar erectile dysfunction drugs.

Digoxin hold criteria

Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber when the adult apical pulse is below 60 beats per minute. Toxicity signs include nausea, anorexia, visual halos, and bradycardia.

COPD oxygen target

Titrate oxygen to a saturation of 88 to 92 percent in patients at risk of carbon dioxide retention. Excess oxygen can suppress the hypoxic drive and worsen hypercapnia.

DKA treatment sequence

Begin with isotonic saline for volume, then an insulin infusion. Add dextrose when glucose reaches about 200 to 250 milligrams per deciliter to clear ketones without hypoglycemia.

Late deceleration response

Late decelerations mirror contractions and suggest uteroplacental insufficiency. Reposition the mother to the left side, stop oxytocin, give oxygen, and notify the provider.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss exceeding 500 milliliters after vaginal birth or 1,000 milliliters after cesarean birth. Uterine atony is the most common cause and is treated with fundal massage and uterotonics.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory depression, and oliguria signal magnesium toxicity. Stop the infusion and administer calcium gluconate as the antidote.

Naegele's rule

Estimate the due date by taking the first day of the last menstrual period, subtracting three months, adding seven days, and adding one year.

Apgar components

Five components scored zero to two each at one and five minutes: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Scores of seven or above are generally normal.

Holliday-Segar maintenance fluid

Give 100 milliliters per kilogram per day for the first 10 kilograms, 50 for the next 10 kilograms, and 20 for each kilogram above 20.

Kawasaki disease treatment

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin plus aspirin reduces coronary artery aneurysm risk. Diagnostic criteria include fever of five days or more with conjunctivitis, rash, oral changes, and lymphadenopathy.

Epiglottitis nursing caution

Suspect epiglottitis with drooling, tripod positioning, muffled voice, and high fever. Do not examine the throat or place the child supine, because airway obstruction can be triggered.

Incidence versus prevalence

Incidence counts new cases during a period and reflects risk. Prevalence counts all existing cases at a point and rises when survival lengthens even if incidence is unchanged.

Attack rate formula

Attack rate equals new cases among exposed persons divided by total exposed persons, multiplied by 100. It is used to characterize point-source outbreaks.

Sensitivity meaning

Sensitivity equals true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives. High sensitivity is preferred for screening because it minimizes missed cases.

Herd immunity threshold

The fraction of the population needing immunity equals one minus one divided by the basic reproduction number. An R zero of five requires about 80 percent coverage.

Serotonin syndrome signs

Agitation, hyperreflexia, clonus, tremor, diarrhea, and hyperthermia after serotonergic drug combinations. Stop the offending agents and provide supportive care.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Rigidity, fever above 38 degrees Celsius, autonomic instability, and elevated creatine kinase after antipsychotic use. Stop the drug and treat with dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Lithium therapeutic range

Serum lithium between 0.6 and 1.2 milliequivalents per liter. Toxicity causes tremor, vomiting, ataxia, and confusion, and is worsened by dehydration and NSAIDs.

Alcohol withdrawal timeline

Tremor and anxiety appear at 6 to 24 hours, seizures at 12 to 48 hours, and delirium tremens at 48 to 96 hours. Benzodiazepines are first-line treatment.

Delegation accountability

A nurse may delegate tasks but retains accountability for the outcome. Delegation requires assessing patient stability, task complexity, and the delegate's competence and supervision needs.

PDCA quality cycle

Plan, do, check, and act. Nursing quality indicators include fall rate, pressure injury incidence, and catheter-associated infection rates measured against benchmarks.

Maslow triage priority

Needs are ordered physiologic, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. In triage, airway, breathing, and circulation needs take priority over psychosocial needs.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, voluntariness, disclosure of risks and benefits, and comprehension. Minors or adults lacking capacity require a legal guardian or representative to consent.

Four ethical principles

Autonomy respects self-determination, beneficence promotes good, nonmaleficence avoids harm, and justice requires fair distribution of benefits and burdens.

Negligence elements

Duty owed to the patient, breach of that duty, causation linking breach to injury, and damages. Nursing documentation is the main evidence in such claims.

Advance directive requirement

In Korea, a written life-sustaining treatment plan needs verification by two physicians and registration. It covers CPR, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and blood transfusion for dying patients.

Scope of nursing practice

Only licensed nurses perform nursing acts. Delegation to unlicensed personnel is limited to tasks permitted by law and requires supervision by the licensed nurse.