Nursing Qualification Level Assessment (Kazakhstan) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Nursing process stages

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation; the cycle repeats as evaluation findings feed back into reassessment of the patient.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, disclosure of risks and benefits, comprehension, and voluntariness. Document who obtained consent, when, and what was explained to the patient.

Spaulding classification

Critical items require sterilization, semicritical items require high-level disinfection, and noncritical items require low-level disinfection based on contact with tissue.

Autoclave standard cycle

Steam sterilization at 121 °C for 15–20 minutes at one atmosphere, or 134 °C for 3–4 minutes; monitor with physical, chemical, and biological indicators.

Normal adult vital signs

Temperature 36.0–37.0 °C, pulse 60–80/min, respiration 14–18/min, systolic BP 100–139 mmHg, and diastolic BP 60–89 mmHg.

Orthostatic hypotension criteria

A drop of at least 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic within three minutes of standing; measure supine and after one and three minutes standing.

Ten rights of medication

Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation, reason, to refuse, assessment, and education; verify each before administration.

Opioid antidote

Naloxone reverses opioid overdose; give IV, IM, or intranasal and monitor respiration because its duration may be shorter than the opioid.

Heart failure daily weight

Weight gain over 2 kg in three days or 1 kg overnight suggests fluid retention and requires prompt assessment and notification of the physician.

Hypoglycemia treatment

Glucose below 3.9 mmol/L: give 15–20 g fast-acting carbohydrate, recheck after 15 minutes, and repeat until glucose is above 4 mmol/L.

Preoperative fasting intervals

Clear fluids two hours, breast milk four hours, and light meal six hours before anesthesia; follow facility policy for specific procedures.

Wound healing phases

Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation; maturation may last up to two years as collagen remodels and strength increases.

Apgar score components

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration, each scored 0–2 at one and five minutes; 7–10 is normal.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss over 500 mL after vaginal birth or over 1000 mL after cesarean; treat with uterine massage, oxytocin, and tranexamic acid.

Adult CPR compression rate

Compress at 100–120 per minute to a depth of 5–6 cm with full recoil, minimizing interruptions to less than 10 seconds.

Anaphylaxis first-line treatment

Adrenaline 0.5 mg intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh, repeated every five minutes as needed, with oxygen and IV fluids.

Kazakhstan healthcare core law

The Code on Public Health and the Healthcare System No. 360-VI of 7 July 2020 governs citizens' rights, licensing, and sanitary-epidemiological welfare.

Medical secrecy disclosure exceptions

Disclosure without consent is permitted for notifiable infectious diseases, threats to public health, and by legal request from authorities.

Cervical cancer screening interval

Pap smear screening from age 30 every three years as part of the national screening program for early detection of cervical precancer.

Vaccine cold chain range

Vaccines are stored at +2 to +8 °C with temperature monitored twice daily; freezing damages adsorbed vaccines such as DTP and hepatitis B.

SBAR handover

Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation; a structured communication tool that reduces omission of critical information during handover.

Medical record correction method

Draw a single line through the error, write the correction, and add initials, date, and time; never erase, overwrite, or backdate entries.

High-alert medication double-check

Insulin, heparin, opioids, and concentrated electrolytes require independent verification by a second nurse before administration to prevent harm.

Warfarin monitoring and antidote

Monitor INR with a target of 2–3 for most indications; vitamin K is the antidote for excessive anticoagulation or bleeding.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure at least 160/110 mmHg, headache, visual changes, right upper quadrant pain, or organ dysfunction; treat with magnesium sulfate and delivery.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate 10%; monitor respiratory rate, deep tendon reflexes, and urine output during magnesium sulfate infusion for preeclampsia.

Parkland burn formula

4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage total body surface area in 24 hours; give half in the first eight hours from the time of burn.

WHO surgical safety checklist

Sign-in before induction, time-out before incision, and sign-out before the patient leaves the operating room; verify identity, site, and counts.

Malignant hyperthermia treatment

Dantrolene is the specific antidote; triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, causing rigidity, hyperthermia, and tachycardia.

Holliday-Segar maintenance fluids

100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg for each kilogram above 20 per day.

Braden Scale threshold

A score of 18 or below indicates pressure injury risk; implement repositioning every two hours and pressure-redistributing surfaces.

START triage categories

Red immediate, yellow delayed, green minor, and black deceased or expectant; used in mass casualty incidents to prioritize care.